A Guide to Ghost Month in China

The 7th lunar month in the traditional Chinese calendar is called Ghost Month. It is said that on the first day of the month, the Gates of Hell are sprung open to allow ghosts and spirits access to the world of the living. The spirits spend the month visiting their families, feasting, and looking for victims.  There are three important days during Ghost Month, which this article will delve into. Honoring the Dead On the first day of the month, ancestors are honored with offerings of food, incense, and ghost money—paper money which is burned so the spirits can use it. These offerings are done at makeshift altars set up on sidewalks outside the house. Almost as important as honoring your ancestors, offerings to ghosts without families must be made so that they will not cause you any harm. Ghost month is the most dangerous time of the year, and malevolent spirits are on the lookout to capture souls. This makes ghost month a bad time to do activities such as evening strolls, traveling, moving house, or starting a new business. Many people avoid swimming during ghost month since there are many spirits in the water which can try to drown you. Ghost Festival The 15th day of the month is Ghost Festival, sometimes called Hungry Ghost Festival. The Mandarin Chinese name of this festival is ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Æ'ç ¯â‚¬ (traditional form), or ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Æ'节 (simplified form), which is pronounced zhÃ… ng yuà ¡n jià ©. This is the day when the spirits are in high gear. It’s important to give them a sumptuous feast, to please them and to bring luck to the family. Taoists and Buddhists perform ceremonies on this day to ease the sufferings of the deceased. Closing Gates The last day of the month is when the Gates of Hell close  up again. The chants of Taoist priests inform the spirits that it’s time to return, and as they are confined once again to the underworld, they let out an unearthly wail of lament. Vocabulary for Ghost Month If you happen to be in China during Ghost Month, it could be fun to learn these vocabulary words! While terms like ghost money or ghost month are only applicable to Ghost Month, other words like feast or offerings can be used in casual conversation. English Pinyin Traditional Characters Simplified Characters altar shà ©n tà ¡n ç ¥Å¾Ã¥ £â€¡ ç ¥Å¾Ã¥ â€º ghost guÇ  é ¬ ¼ é ¬ ¼ vampire jiÄ ng shÄ « æ ® ­Ã¥ ±  Ã¥Æ' µÃ¥ ° ¸ ghost money zhÇ  qià ¡n ç ´â„¢Ã©Å' ¢ ç º ¸Ã©â€™ ± incense xiÄ ng é ¦â„¢ é ¦â„¢ ghost month guÇ  yuà ¨ é ¬ ¼Ã¦Å"ˆ é ¬ ¼Ã¦Å"ˆ feast gÃ… ng pÇ n ä ¾â€ºÃ¥â€œ  ä ¾â€ºÃ¥â€œ  offerings jà ¬ bà  i ç ¥ ­Ã¦â€¹Å" ç ¥ ­Ã¦â€¹Å"

Racism Essay - 1343 Words

As societies become more complex a complex change came about. The social system elevated entire categories of people above others, providing one segment of the population with a disproportionate share of money, power and schooling. To a considerable degree, the class system in the United States rewards individual talent and effort. But, our class system also retains elements of a caste system; Ascribed status greatly influences what we become later in life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nothing affects social standings in the United States as much as our birth into a particular family, something, which we have no control over. Being born to privilege or poverty sets the stage for our future schooling, occupation and income. Research†¦show more content†¦In 1996,a median income Hispanic family was $26,179, which is 58 percent of the comparable figures for all white people. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Religion has a bearing on social standing in the United States. Among Protestant denominations, with which almost two-thirds of individuals identify in the U.S., Episcopalians and Presbyterians have significantly higher social standing, on average, than Lutherans and Baptists. Jewish people too, have high social standing, while Roman Catholics hold a more modest position. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Families in the upper class, 5 percent of the U.S. population, earn more than $100,000 annually and may even earn ten times that much. Many members of the upper class work as top corporate executives or senior government officials. Typically, upper class people attend the most expensive and highly regarded schools and colleges. Historically, though less so today, the upper class has been composted of white Anglo-Saxton Protestants (WASP). The upper class often describes as â€Å"society† or â€Å"blue bloods†, included less than 1 percent o the U.S. Population. Members of the upper class are set apart by their wealth and live in a world of exclusives neighborhoods. Women of the upper-upper class often maintain a full schedule of volunteer work for chartable organizations. Most upper class people actually fall into the lower-upper class.Show MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is lea rnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embedded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. 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But sadly that is notRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism989 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. I believe slavery started around the 1500sRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism996 Words   |  4 PagesCovert Racism Introduction Racism; ‘the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012) and thus leading to ‘abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012). Over time, racism has transformed from a blatant and overt form into a passive style of prejudice and discriminationRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1094 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has been an issue that has caused controversial debates for years. It is a topic that stirs up lots of emotions within people and continues to be an argument for all. When there has been a shooting between a white and a colored or a cop and a colored person, people blame it on racism. They state that since the white cop shot the black man it simply means the cop was racist. Then the people want to speak that justice needs to be served and the cop needs to be put in prison or released fromRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1751 Words   |  8 PagesRacism Social Justice Topic Issue Corbin Metz H R – 3013 University of Oklahoma Racism Social Justice Topic Issue Today in our society, racism is a very popular social justice topic issue, which affects many of the lives of those around us on a daily basis. Individuals as well as organizations and institutions widely commit the act of racism and these issues are embedded in their policies, procedures, and practices (Calgary). The first signs of racism beginning to arise in the worldRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has come to be a very important topic in today’s society. Many are talking about the injustices when it comes mostly when it comes to African-Americans and Caucasians in authority. Many have deemed the incidents of Trayvon Martin, Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Walter Scott, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, the Spring Valley High School video, and even the Charleston Shooting to name a few as reactions to racism. Out of the people talking about these events, only a few really know the meaning of racismRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism2243 Words   |  9 PagesRacism, a topic which has become especially touchy in modern times. It is quite clear that racism is alive not only in the United States, but across the globe. Though the topic is widely talked about, nobody really does anything to stop it. People will be quick to elaborate on the fact that it should be stopped, then make no changes themselves. Yet do they truly understand the concepts of racism and what it really means to be racist? Granted everybody understands that it is racist to hate a group

Ethical Implications About Global Tax Avoidance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Implications Global Tax Avoidance. Answer: Introduction The issue of ethics is topical in that it impacts on the operations of almost all businesses. Basically, ethics refers to the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct (Robbins, 2010). In the same vein, it can be observed that enlightened firms encourage their managers to look beyond the expectations of the regulatory system and do the right thing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). These socially responsible firms seek to protect the long-run interests of their stakeholders and the environment. However, ethical issues usually involve conflicting interests and people can disagree about the right course of action to take in a given scenario (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). As such, this paper seeks to discuss the ethical implications of global tax avoidance especially by multinational corporations (MNCs). There are mixed reactions to the aspect of tax avoidance since other people encourage it while others view it as morally wrong. Tax avoidance According to Investopedia (2017), tax avoidance involves the legal use of a tax regime in one territory. In other words, large corporations in particular register their businesses in a single territory where they are liable to pay taxes instead of paying to the respective countries in which they are operating. Tax havens are utilised in this case and these are recognised jurisdictions that are specifically meant to facilitate a reduction of taxes to the advantage of the party involved. The major notable aspect about tax avoidance is that the practice is legal but the only difference is that the tax regimes are administered in different jurisdictions apart from where the company is actually operating. In other words, the host country benefits in the form of employment creation through foreign direct investment but it loses a great deal in terms of revenue collection through tax avoidance. Though legal, tax avoidance has various implications on the government of the host country. Significance of corporate tax According to Cobham and Jansk (2017), international corporate tax is a very important source of government revenue particularly in developing countries such as Latin America, Sub Saharan Africa, Caribbean and South Asia. This notion has also been supported by Myers (2017) who state that developing countries mainly generate revenue from the taxes they charge corporations operating within their jurisdiction. However, it can be observed that these developing countries often lose revenue due to tax avoidance. When MNCs invest in developing countries, they should pay taxes but this is not usually the case. Corporate taxes are also very important since they play a significant role in the development of infrastructure. In most cases, the activities of MNCs in developing countries cause damage to the environment hence the need for them to pay taxes that can in turn be used to develop the infrastructure. Implications of tax avoidance Large multinational companies operating in developing countries are usually registered through offshore tax havens in particular not in the country in which they operate (Bearak, 2016). This action deprives the local governments large sums of tax revenue they are supposed to get from the operations of these MNCs in their countries. For example, it has been observed that Tullow, an organization that is viewed as Africas leading Independent Oil Company derives 84 % of its sales revenue from Africa yet only four of its 81 subsidiary companies are registered in Africa while 47 are registered in Tax havens (Bearak, 2016). This implies that only four registered subsidiary companies pay taxes in the countries in which they are registered in Africa. The rest of the subsidiaries pay their taxes through tax havens which illustrates a perfect example of tax avoidance. The majority of African governments in which the organization operates do not benefit a lot since they do not get corporate taxe s from these companies. The other example can be drawn from the case of Panama Papers where large sums of money were moved through tax havens and this money could have been taxed by the worlds poorest governments desperately in need of money (Bearak, 2016). The developing countries were compromised a great deal since they lost large sums of money through tax avoidance. In the same vein, it can be seen that the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa has estimated that between $30 billion and $60 billion is lost by African governments through tax avoidance annually (Bearak, 2016). Surprisingly, this money is siphoned legally from developing countries by the MNCs from the rich western countries in particular. The major notable aspect here is that tax avoidance is legal since it is not criminal in any way. The only difference is that tax regimes are administered in different jurisdictions apart from the host country where the MNCs operate as illustrated in the example explained above. Ethical implications of the practice of tax avoidance Whilst the aspect of tax avoidance is legal as noted above, the morality of the practice has been questioned and often criticised by people from different sectors of the society. Ethically, companies should strive to do the right thing in their operations. In some cases, actions that are legal can be immoral somehow since they impact negatively on the welfare of the majority of the people in the environment in which they operate. The companys action should benefit the majority of people in the environment in which it is operating. This view is supported by the utilitarian theory of ethics. According to Robbins (2000), the utilitarian theory of ethics mainly focuses on the outcomes of a certain action on the other people. In other words, it focuses on the interests of the other people since it clearly states that the majority of the people should benefit from a course of action especially by a company. This ethical theory equates pleasure with good while pain is equated with wrong doi ng (Cavalier, 2002). Therefore, the action that brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people should be given prominence over the action that is likely to cause suffering to the majority of people. In as far as the issue of tax avoidance is concerned, it can be seen that its morality is questionable though the action is viewed as legal. Legally, there is nothing wrong with this practice by quite a number of MNCs that operate in different countries but paying their taxes through tax havens. In the end, the host countries lose on corporate taxes which are much needed for various developmental purposes. The MNCs should consider the interests of the majority of people in the host countries who should benefit from the taxes they are supposed to pay instead of evading them through the use of tax havens. Many developing countries are often at the receiving end since they mainly rely on foreign aid. Ironically, these countries have vast natural resources that are expropriated by the developed countries that do not pay taxes that should benefit the local people. Ethically, this practice should be condemned since it undermines the interests of the other people who should benefit from the ir resources. MNCs should be cognisant of the fact that their actions are detrimental to the host country therefore they should compensate the local governments through paying taxes directly to them instead of relying on tax havens that are administered in offshore jurisdictions. This will help to address the anomaly where the local governments are at the receiving end instead of enjoying their own wealth. Conclusion It can be concluded that ethical issues impact on the operations of organisations in various ways since they are supposed to look beyond written laws and regulations. In other words, companies are expected to do the right thing in their work. As discussed above, the issue of ethics is controversial since it is comprised of conflicting interests and there is no universal agreement about what is right. As illustrated in the case of multinationals operating in poor countries, it can be seen that the issue of global tax avoidance is a cause for concern since these nations are losing billions of dollars annually through tax havens where the large corporations are registered. However, the aspect of tax havens is legal and it does not violate any law. The taxes are properly administered in offshore jurisdictions and the law recognises this practice as legal. However, the morality of the practice has often been criticised by many people since it undermines the interests of the local governme nts. They lose large sums of money which should benefit the local citizens. This comes against the background of many developing countries being at the receiving end of foreign aid instead of benefitting from their natural resources plundered by rich MNCs that do not pay corporate taxes. Ethically, this practice can be viewed as wrong since it does not benefit the majority of people. References Bearak, M 2016. How global tax evasion keeps poor countries poor. Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/08/how-global-tax-evasion-keeps-poor-countries-poor/ . Accessed 13 May 2017. Cobham, A and Jansk, P (2017). Global distribution of revenue loss from tax Avoidance. WIDER Working Paper 2017/55. Available at: https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2017-55.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2017. Cobham, A, and L Gibson 2016. Ending the Era of Tax Havens. Why the UK Government Must Lead the Way. Oxfam Briefing Paper. Oxford: Oxfam. Retrieved from: https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/oxfam/bitstream/10546/601121/4/bp-ending-era-tax-havens-uk-140316-en.pdf Investopedia 2017. What is tax avoidance? Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax_avoidance.asp. Kotler, P Armstrong, G 2010. Principles of marketing. Cape Town, CT: Pearson. Robbins, SP 2000. Organizational Behavior, 9th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Werner, J 2007. Organizational Behavior. Cape Town: JUTA.

Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island

Targeted Market Segment Foreign tourists Since Bali Island is located in Indonesia, a customer segment that would be easily attracted is foreign tourists from all over the world. Foreign tourists would be appealed by the diversity of arts and culture which are preserved in an exotic fashion in Bali Island (Oxford Business Group 125).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Foreign tourists travel around the world in search of such places so that their holidays can be spent in an interesting and explorative manner. Foreign tourists are targeted since the natural features found in the Indonesian Island would appeal greatly to their holiday needs. Characteristics of foreign tourists This customer segment includes people from different ages, but especially older adults who are from the working class. The targeted age group includes travellers who have a stable source of income and maybe families. The need for quality services Extravagance Willingness to spend so as to get the best services and the need for a relaxing atmosphere. They normally search for a place they can go to take a break from the busy lifestyles that they lead in their countries. These will make the location of IndoBali Hotel ideal for this customer segment since Bali Island is in an isolated place away from civilization and the hustles of city life. Furthermore, the social, cultural, artistic, religious and hospitable people create an experience of a lifetime for foreign tourists who cannot find these aspects in other luxurious destinations or in their home countries (Richards and Hall 179). Food and Beverage Operations The IndoBali Hotel will include two restaurants that are needed because the expected visitors will be from different cultures and backgrounds. People from various regions in the world eat different foods. For instance, the Japanese mostly eat shr imps and sea foods while Indians eat spicy foods. One restaurant will therefore be themed and will specialize in preparing exotic foods. This restaurant will be decorated with wooden frames and will have a capacity of 100 seats. It will have an international presence including artwork from Asia, Africa, Europe and America. This will also be a fine dining restaurant that will cater for the needs of foreigners who might prefer their local cuisines even while on holiday. The prices of foods in this restaurant will be higher than those charged in the other food joint and will range between $15 to 35 for adults and half for children below 12 years. This strategy will aim at encouraging tourists to eat the local foods that are eaten by the Indonesian people.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The beverages sold here will include popular brands like Coca Cola, Pepsi, Smirnoff, Vi ceroy and fruit juices. The second food and beverage establishment will specialize in local 3 course meals including foods and beverages and will be operating throughout the day as long as there are visitors spending in the hotel. Wit a capacity of 200 seats, this restaurant will serve dishes such as Indonesian snacks like warung, siomay and batagor (Holzen, Hutton and Arsana 24). The foods will also be spicy since the Indonesian people like hot foods. Other Indonesian delicacies include banana wrapped fish, vegetable salads with sweet peanut dressing, broth soaked noodles, fiery curries, sambal, Soto and satay. The prices of these delicacies will be cheaper than what is offered for the foreign meals so that tourists are influenced into trying out the Indonesian foods. The Indonesian beverages that will feature in this restaurant’s menu will include: Bintang, Anker, Es Kelapa Muda, Es Cincau, Es Milo and Happy Soda (27). This restaurant will have meals and drinks sold cheaper as compared to the themed restaurant and will include a charge of between $10 to 20 for adults and half for children below 12 years. This strategy aims at ensuring that tourists experience the Indonesian culture when they visit our hotel in Bali Island. Services and facilities Our hotel will also include a gym, bar and swimming pool. These aim at making the hotel a one stop shop for visitors. Since the objective of tourists who visit various destinations is to have fun and relaxation, all these services will come in handy. The gym will include equipment such as that for aerobics, weight lifting, benches, dumb-bells, battling ropes, flooring, mats, exercise bikes and treadmills. This equipment will ensure that visitors do not leave the hotel having gained extra weight unnecessarily.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There will also be facilitie s for yoga since this is part of the religious culture of Indonesians. Foreign tourists will get to experience yoga if they visit our hotel. There will be a bar within the hotel which will serve alcoholic drinks. This bar will operate 24 hours and will only serve alcoholic drinks to adults. There will be a strict policy about those who the drinks will be sold to so as to avoid law suits involving minors. The bar will be spacious so as to accommodate a dance floor. Most of the popular alcoholic brands will be sold here such as Viceroy, Smirnoff, Martini, Sex on the Beach, Margarita, Pin Colada, Pina Colada and Long Island Iced Tea. The hotel will include a luxury swimming pool that is shaped like the letter B. There will be a large deep end pool that will serve adult swimmers. There will also be a smaller adjacent shallow end pool that will be for young kids who do not know how to swim. Floaters will be provided and there will be a trainer who will keep watch of swimmers so as to han dle the need for swimming lessons or emergencies such as drowning. There will also be coaches besides the pool for swimmers to bask in the sun if they do not want to get into the water. The Mission Statement The mission statement sets out the objectives that are aimed at by an organization. For IndoBali Hotel, the mission statement will read as follows: â€Å"To be Indonesia’s leading guest resort and to become the most visited hotel in the South Pacific within the next five years.†Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This mission statement will thereby define the short term and long term objectives of the hotel. The short term objectives will include strategies that aim at making the most number of guests visit the hotel within the shortest period of time. For instance setting up a functional organization structure and hiring the most qualified hospitality personnel in the hotel industry. These will ensure that the hotel is equipped with the necessary resources to make it the best run hotel in Indonesia. The long term objectives can include strategies such as expansion into other regions of the South Pacific such as Malaysia and Singapore. The philosophy of the hotel will define how stakeholders will be relating. The managers will be the top most employees and they will ensure that customers get value for their money through excellent customer service. The employees will be the servants who deliver the best quality services to the guests. Employees will be expected to uphold the highest degree o f professionalism when at work. The guests will be the important stakeholders in the hotel since without them the hotel would not be functional. The guests will be entitled to the most outstanding service from all the employees of the hotel. Finally the owners will be expected to provide the hotel with enough resources to make the hotel the best in the region. Guest service goal The guest service goal for IndoBali Hotel will be to increase the rate of return of customers so that 20% of the sales revenue will be from client loyalty within one year. The aim of the guest service goal will be to ensure that there is world class customer service at our hotel. There is need for IndoBali Hotel to set this aim so that the interaction of customers with the company is positive and ever improving. The strategies that are going to be used to achieve this include: Rewarding employees with a 2% bonus for every satisfied customer who leaves the hotel and comes back again at a future date. A motiv ated workforce always strives to perform highly and so a reward and recognition program would benefit customers directly as a result of excellent customer service provided. Offering 5% discount to guests who make return visits to IndoBali Hotel as well as free breakfast in the restaurant. This strategy will encourage guests to come back again so as to enjoy reduced rates of accommodation and meals. Employee training goal The employee training goal will be to ensure that IndoBali personnel acquire hospitality and equipment training within six months. There is need for every hotel staff to be able to operate the facilities that will be available at IndoBali Hotel. This will make all personnel competent enough to handle customer complaints and to carry themselves out with etiquette throughout. The strategies that will be used to achieve this within six months include: Making orientation training compulsory when new recruits are absorbed into the hotel. All the new employees who will be hired will have to undergo hospitality and equipment training so that all staff will be responsible for their own behavior while at work. Compulsory training will ensure that job satisfaction levels are high across different departments. Prioritizing training in the hotel agenda so that sufficient learning will have been given within four months. Planning with four months will ensure that by the end of six months all working personnel will be at par in as far as operating hotel facilities and equipment is concerned. Communication improvement goal The communication improvement goal will be to eliminate employee complaints about lack of internal information within three months. Efficient communication is crucial for the flow of information within organizations. Despite this, many employees complain that they get more information from the press as compared to what they hear from management. This communications improvement strategy is required to ensure that employees of IndoBali Ho tel pass and receive information to management in an organized and reliable manner. The strategies that will be used to achieve the communication improvement goal include: We intend to improve communication in IndoBali Hotel by involving employee representatives during board room meetings so that information can always reach employees fast regardless of the slowness of the formal communication channel that is used to disseminate information. At times memos and emails may be delayed due to unavoidable circumstances but if employee representatives are present in management meetings then information can circulate through the organization’s grapevine. To provide employee feedback forms every month for evaluation of working conditions and recommendations. These forms will enable employees to provide confidential information to the management on issues that affect them and possible solutions. Within the second month of implementing this goal, management will start acting on the co ncerns of employees and this will motivate personnel to provide more feedback. Works Cited Holzen Heinz, Hutton Wendy and Arsana Lother. The Food of Indonesia: Authentic  Recipes from the Spice Islands. Boston: Periplus Editions, 2001. Print Oxford Business Group. The report. Emerging Indonesia. London: Oxford Business Group, 2007. Print Richards, Greg and Hall, Derek. Tourism and Sustainable Community Development.  London: Routledge, 2003. Print This assessment on Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island was written and submitted by user Coen Sweet to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

History 101 Flashcard

History 101

Gary Paulsen Essays - Gary Paulsen, Woodsong, Dogsong, Paulsen

Gary Paulsen Essays - Gary Paulsen, Woodsong, Dogsong, Paulsen Gary Paulsen Gary Paulsen Born May 17, 1939, Gary Paulsen is one of America's most popular writers for young people. Although he was never a dedicated student, Paulsen developed a passion for reading at an early age. After a librarian gave him a book to read, along with his own library card he was hooked. He began spending hours alone in the basement of his apartment building, reading one book after another. Running away from home at the age of 14 and traveling with a carnival, Paulsen gained a taste for adventure. A youthful summer of tough chores on a farm, too many jobs to count, and two rounds of the 1,180-mile Alaskan dog sled race, the Iditarod; have provided abundant material from which he creates his powerful stories. Paulsen's realization that he would become a writer came suddenly when he was working as a satellite technician for an aerospace company in California. One night he walked off the job, never to return. He spent the next year in Hollywood as a magazine proofreader, working on his own writ ing every night. Then he left California and drove to northern Minnesota where he rented a cabin on a lake; by the end of the winter, he had completed his first novel. Living in the remote Minnesota woods, Paulsen soon turned to the sport of dog racing, and entered the 1983 Iditarod. This led to his later novels; Woodsong and Dogsong. Paulsen's overwhelming belief in young people that drives him to write. His intense desire to tap deeply into the human spirit and to encourage readers to observe and care about the world around them has brought him both enormous popularity with young people and critical honor from the children's book community. Paulsen is a master storyteller who has written more than 175 books and some 200 articles and short stories for children and adults. He is one of the most important writers of young adult literature today. My personal insights while reading Paulsens books are that he can make novels that bring true life into focus. He can show deep emotions through a rugged outdoors book. He also shows immense content and great structure in his books. Most of all I like his style and how he likes to write about his self-events. I think his work is most excellent. He is my favorite author and he lets himself express what he is feeling. I chose this book because I have read many of his previous books and they are great. He is an excellent author and I will continue to keep reading his books.

Community Assessment - Prevention of Hypertensino in adult population Essay

Community Assessment - Prevention of Hypertensino in adult population - Essay Example The measurement of blood pressure is a complex topic, and there is also no exact differentiation between individuals ‘at risk’ from blood pressure-associated morbidity and mortality, and rest of the population. Adequate treatment of High Blood Pressure (HBP) with strict adherence to regimen, better prescribing and compliance, and regular follow-up is expected to reduce the risk of stroke and cardiovascular episodes. However, literature reviews suggest that healthcare outcomes and patient compliance are not up to the expected level due to several barriers to the successful diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension encountered by healthcare providers and lack of compliance by patients with hypertension. Research findings also suggest that there is disagreement among physicians regarding definitions of hypertension, and confusion over medications for BP control. As such, it is essential to maintain uniformity in research standards and clinical approaches to improve the quality of care for controlling patient’s blood pressure and introduce nurse-led blood pressure management initiative, to attain the goals of Healthy People as envisaged. Hypertension is prevalent in â€Å"28% of the US population and 35% of the African American population. However, only 1 in 4 patients with hypertension are controlled to a blood pressure of less than 140/90 mm Hg.† (Wright et al, 2002, p.1636-1643). Cross-sectional analysis of national representative data by Wang & Wang (2004), conforming to new classification of blood pressure levels by Joint National Committee (JNC) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure report (JNC 7 Report published in 2003), found that â€Å"elevated blood pressure is a serious problem in the United States. Approximately 60% of American adults have pre-hypertension or hypertension, and some population groups, such as African Americans, older people, low-socioeconomic-status groups, and overweight

Write a reflection using rolfe te al model of reflection Essay

Write a reflection using rolfe te al model of reflection - Essay Example This reflective account does not contain the real identity of the people involved for ethical and confidentiality reasons (Jasper, 2003, 1-31). I will use the Rolfe et al model of reflection in this reflective account from the point of view of a student nurse (Rolfe et al., 2001, 1-61). After checking the prescription and drugs, the medications were supposed to be administered to the patient. I saw that the patient has been prescribed 250 mg of Flucloxacillin. It was found that there was no 250 mg capsule on the trolley, a 500 mg was found. The staff checked and dispensed 500 mg and asked me to go and give it to the patient and said, â€Å"Just give her that, it’s the same stuff.† Although I was an observer for learning and training, I was surprised by the instruction of the staff, since as far as I knew there is no reason to violate the prescription. I felt very bad that she tried to convince me about the dose by saying that it was same. I was keen to know whether it would be right to dispense 500 mg when the prescribed dose is 250 mg. I was trying to corroborate my classroom learning of the effects of higher dose and was wondering whether this is violation of the code. I am a trainee, so I had not much of an action to take rather than pointing out t he error. Next medication was â€Å"Cure-it-all.† I have never heard about this drug and asked her when she dispensed that. I felt I should know about it since I am going to give it to the patient. I was stuck because I was thinking about any possible adverse effects of this unknown drug? I again asked her again why this is being given to this patient. Staff was irritated this time, and she replied that she does not know. I was upset that she was supposed to be knowing this, rather than helping me to know about this, she was forcing me to go and give it to the patient. I was frustrated since I knew the

Trust Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trust Case - Assignment Example tutorials, prompts, guides, to assist and inform the user to execute transaction and or explore task on the website (Studio Archetype/ Sapient, 1999, p.33). b) Presentation is the behavior in which the apparent glance and outlook of the site, both inside and outside of it, communicates significant information to the user. It has 3 elements. Clarity of Purpose implies that the efficiently laid out visuals successfully transmit the idea and the intention of the site. It is to familiarize the customers, that they can buy products when they get to this web site. Craftsmanship is the extent of the skill and proficiency of the development of the website, which the viewer perceives and judges by the first look of it. c) Technology: The number of ways in which the site technically functions. It has 2 elements which are: 1) Functionality: On the whole, how well the website seems to work for the user (Studio Archetype/ Sapient, 1999, p.33). d. Fulfillment is the entire method that the user goes through from the time a particular product’s purchase is initiated until he finally receives the product. Its elements include: 1) Protection of Personal Information: The privacy of the personal information is a must as it should be guaranteed to be used for that particular purpose to be used for no purpose other than what it was provided for. 3) Recourse: The operation process allows for remedy if one faces a problem at any time during the course of action. 4) Return Policy: There should be clarity in explaining the return policy 5) Simplicity of Process: How simple and easy is the purchase process (Studio Archetype/ Sapient, 1999, p.33). Qs2) â€Å"Seals of approval† are described as affirmed, acknowledged and authentic policies of security and encryption (seals of approval). The companies that provide these seals of approval are referred to in this report as â€Å"security brands. The top three â€Å"security brand† seals of approval in terms of percentage of

The Algorithm of Gaussian Elimination

The Algorithm of Gaussian Elimination In linear algebra, Gaussian elimination is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations, finding the rank of a matrix, and calculating the inverse of an invertible square matrix. Gaussian elimination is named after German mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss. GAUSS / JORDAN (G / J) is a method to find the inverse of the matrices using elementary operations on the matrices.To find the rank of a matrix we use gauss Jordan elimination metod but we use gauss Jordan method in case we have to find only the inverse of the invertible matrix. Algorithm overview Algorithm of gauss Jordan method is simple. We have to make the matrix an identity matrix using elementary operation on it. It is firstly written in the form of AI=A We will firstly write the upper equation and then perform elementary operation the right hand side matrix matrix and simultaneously on identity matrix to obtain following matrix. I=A A-1 The process of Gaussian elimination has two parts. The first part (Forward Elimination) reduces a given system to either triangular or echelon form, or results in a degenerate equation with no solution, indicating the system has no solution. This is accomplished through the use of elementary row operations. The second step uses back substitution to find the solution of the system above. Stated equivalently for matrices, the first part reduces a matrix to row echelon form using elementary row operations while the second reduces it to reduced row echelon form, or row canonical form. Another point of view, which turns out to be very useful to analyze the algorithm, is that Gaussian elimination computes a matrix decomposition. The three elementary row operations used in the Gaussian elimination (multiplying rows, switching rows, and adding multiples of rows to other rows) amount to multiplying the original matrix with invertible matrices from the left. The first part of the algorithm computes an LU decomposition, while the second part writes the original matrix as the product of a uniquely determined invertible matrix and a uniquely determined reduced row-echelon matrix. Gaussian elimination In linear algebra, Gaussian elimination is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations, finding the rank of a matrix, and calculating the inverse of an invertible square matrix. Gaussian elimination is named after German mathematician and scientist Carl Friedrich Gauss, which makes it an example of Stiglers law. Elementary row operations are used to reduce a matrix to row echelon form. Gauss-Jordan elimination, an extension of this algorithm, reduces the matrix further to reduced row echelon form. Gaussian elimination alone is sufficient for many applications, and is cheaper than the -Jordan version. History The method of Gaussian elimination appears in Chapter Eight, Rectangular Arrays, of the important Chinese mathematical text Jiuzhang suanshu or The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Its use is illustrated in eighteen problems, with two to five equations. The first reference to the book by this title is dated to 179 CE, but parts of it were written as early as approximately 150 BCE. It was commented on by Liu Hui in the 3rd century. The method in Europe stems from the notes of Isaac Newton.In 1670, he wrote that all the algebra books known to him lacked a lesson for solving simultaneous equations, which Newton then supplied. Cambridge University eventually published the notes as Arithmetica Universalis in 1707 long after Newton left academic life. The notes were widely imitated, which made (what is now called) Gaussian elimination a standard lesson in algebra textbooks by the end of the 18th century. Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1810 devised a notation for symmetric elimination that was adopted in the 19th century by professional hand computers to solve the normal equations of least-squares problems. The algorithm that is taught in high school was named for Gauss only in the 1950s as a result of confusion over the history of the subject Algorithm overview The process of Gaussian elimination has two parts. The first part (Forward Elimination) reduces a given system to either triangular or echelon form, or results in a degenerate equation with no solution, indicating the system has no solution. This is accomplished through the use of elementary row operations. The second step uses back substitution to find the solution of the system above. Stated equivalently for matrices, the first part reduces a matrix to row echelon form using elementary row operations while the second reduces it to reduced row echelon form, or row canonical form. Another point of view, which turns out to be very useful to analyze the algorithm, is that Gaussian elimination computes a matrix decomposition. The three elementary row operations used in the Gaussian elimination (multiplying rows, switching rows, and adding multiples of rows to other rows) amount to multiplying the original matrix with invertible matrices from the left. The first part of the algorithm computes an LU decomposition, while the second part writes the original matrix as the product of a uniquely determined invertible matrix and a uniquely determined reduced row-echelon matrix. Example Suppose the goal is to find and describe the solution(s), if any, of the following system of linear equations: The algorithm is as follows: eliminate x from all equations below L1, and then eliminate y from all equations below L2. This will put the system into triangular form. Then, using back-substitution, each unknown can be solved for. In the example, x is eliminated from L2 by adding to L2. x is then eliminated from L3 by adding L1 to L3. Formally: The result is: Now y is eliminated from L3 by adding 4L2 to L3: The result is: This result is a system of linear equations in triangular form, and so the first part of the algorithm is complete. The last part, back-substitution, consists of solving for the knowns in reverse order. It can thus be seen that Then, z can be substituted into L2, which can then be solved to obtain Next, z and y can be substituted into L1, which can be solved to obtain The system is solved. Some systems cannot be reduced to triangular form, yet still have at least one valid solution: for example, if y had not occurred in L2 and L3 after the first step above, the algorithm would have been unable to reduce the system to triangular form. However, it would still have reduced the system to echelon form. In this case, the system does not have a unique solution, as it contains at least one free variable. The solution set can then be expressed parametrically (that is, in terms of the free variables, so that if values for the free variables are chosen, a solution will be generated). In practice, one does not usually deal with the systems in terms of equations but instead makes use of the augmented matrix (which is also suitable for computer manipulations). For example: Therefore, the Gaussian Elimination algorithm applied to the augmented matrix begins with: which, at the end of the first part(Gaussian elimination, zeros only under the leading 1) of the algorithm, looks like this: That is, it is in row echelon form. At the end of the algorithm, if the Gauss-Jordan elimination(zeros under and above the leading 1) is applied: That is, it is in reduced row echelon form, or row canonical form. Example of Gauss Elimination method!!! (To solve System of Linear Equations) One simple example of G/J row operations is offered immediately above the pivoting reference; an example is below: Below is a system of equations which we will solve using G/J step 1 Below is the 1st augmented matrix :pivot on the 1 encircled in red Row operations for the 1st pivoting are named below Next we pivot on the number 5in the 2-2 position, encircled below Below is the result of performing P1 on the element in the 2-2 position. Next we must perform P2 Row operations of P2 are below The result of the 2nd pivoting is below. Now pivot on -7 encircled in red Using P1 below we change -7to 1 Below is the result of performing P1 on -7 in the 3-3 position. Next we must perform P2 Row operations of P2 are below The result of the third (and last) pivoting is below with 33 ISM matrix in blue Step [3] of G/J Re-writing the final matrix as equations gives the solution to the original system Other applications Finding the inverse of a matrix Suppose A is a matrix and you need to calculate its inverse. The identity matrix is augmented to the right of A, forming a matrix (the block matrix B = [A,I]). Through application of elementary row operations and the Gaussian elimination algorithm, the left block of B can be reduced to the identity matrix I, which leaves A 1 in the right block of B. If the algorithm is unable to reduce A to triangular form, then A is not invertible. General algorithm to compute ranks and bases The Gaussian elimination algorithm can be applied to any matrix A. If we get stuck in a given column, we move to the next column. In this way, for example, some matrices can be transformed to a matrix that has a reduced row echelon form like (the *s are arbitrary entries). This echelon matrix T contains a wealth of information about A: the rank of A is 5 since there are 5 non-zero rows in T; the vector space spanned by the columns of A has a basis consisting of the first, third, fourth, seventh and ninth column of A (the columns of the ones in T), and the *s tell you how the other columns of A can be written as linear combinations of the basis columns. Analysis Gaussian elimination to solve a system of n equations for n unknowns requires n(n+1) / 2 divisions, (2n3 + 3n2 5n)/6 multiplications, and (2n3 + 3n2 5n)/6 subtractions,[3] for a total of approximately 2n3 / 3 operations. So it has a complexity of . This algorithm can be used on a computer for systems with thousands of equations and unknowns. However, the cost becomes prohibitive for systems with millions of equations. These large systems are generally solved using iterative methods. Specific methods exist for systems whose coefficients follow a regular pattern (see system of linear equations). The Gaussian elimination can be performed over any field. Gaussian elimination is numerically stable for diagonally dominant or positive-definite matrices. For general matrices, Gaussian elimination is usually considered to be stable in practice if you usepartial pivoting as described below, even though there are examples for which it is unstable. Gauss-Jordan elimination In linear algebra, Gauss-Jordan elimination is an algorithm for getting matrices in reduced row echelon form using elementary row operations. It is variation of Gaussian elimination. Gaussian elimination places zeros below each pivot in the matrix, starting with the top row and working downwards. Matrices containing zeros below each pivot are said to be in row echelon form. Gauss-Jordan elimination goes a step further by placing zeros above and below each pivot; such matrices are said to be in reduced row echelon form. Every matrix has a reduced row echelon form, and Gauss-Jordan elimination is guaranteed to find it. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Jordan because it is a variation of Gaussian elimination as Jordan described in 1887. However, the method also appears in an article by Clasen published in the same year. Jordan and Clasen probably discovered Gauss-Jordan elimination independently.[1] Computer sciences complexity theory shows Gauss-Jordan elimination to have a time complexity of O(n3) for an n by n matrix (using Big O Notation. This result means it is efficiently solvable for most practical purposes. As a result, it is often used in computer software for a diverse set of applications. However, it is often an unnecessary step past Gaussian elimination. Gaussian elimination shares Gauss-Jordons time complexity of O(n3) but is generally faster. Therefore, in cases in which achieving reduced row echelon form over row echelon form is unnecessary, Gaussian elimination is typically preferred.[citation needed] Application to finding inverses If Gauss-Jordan elimination is applied on a square matrix, it can be used to calculate the matrixs inverse. This can be done by augmenting the square matrix with the identity matrix of the same dimensions and applying the following matrix operations: If the original square matrix, A, is given by the following expression: Then, after augmenting by the identity, the following is obtained: By performing elementary row operations on the [AI] matrix until it reaches reduced row echelon form, the following is the final result: The matrix augmentation can now be undone, which gives the following: A matrix is non-singular (meaning that it has an inverse matrix) if and only if the identity matrix can be obtained using only elementary row operations. Example of Gauss Jordan method!!! (To Simply Find Inverse of a Matrix) If the original square matrix, A, is given by the following expression: Then, after augmenting by the identity, the following is obtained: By performing elementary row operations on the [AI] matrix until it reaches reduced row echelon form, the following is the final result: The matrix augmentation can now be undone, which gives the following:

Anosognosia for Hemiplegia: A Window into Self-Awareness :: Stoke Medical Essays

Anosognosia for Hemiplegia: A Window into Self-Awareness You wake up in a hospital bed, scared, confused, and attached to a network of tubes and beeping equipment. After doctors assault you with a barrage of questions and tests, your family emerges from the sea of unfamiliar faces surrounding you and explains what has happened; you have had a stroke in the right half of your brain, and you are at least temporarily paralyzed on your left side. You wiggle your left toes to test yourself; everything seems normal. You lift your left arm to show your family that you are obviously not paralyzed. However, this demonstration does not elicit the happy response you expect; it only causes your children to exchange worried glances with the doctors. No matter how many times you attempt to demonstrate movement in the left half of your body, the roomful of people insists that you are paralyzed. And you are, you just do not know it. How is this possible? You are suffering from anosognosia, a condition in which an ill patient is unaware of her own ill ness or the deficits resulting from her illness (1). Anosognosia occurs at least temporarily in over 50% of stroke victims who suffer from paralysis on the side of the body opposite the stroke, a condition known as hemiplegia (1). Patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia insist they can do things like lift both legs, touch their doctor's nose with a finger on their paralyzed side, and walk normally (2). These patients are much less likely to regain independence after their stroke than patients without anosognosia, primarily because they overestimate their own abilities in unsafe situations (3). However, the implications of the illness go far beyond those for patients who suffer from it; anosognosia brings questions of the origin of self-awareness to the forefront. How can someone lose the ability to know when she is or is not moving? Is this some type of elaborate Freudian defense mechanism, or is this person entirely unaware of her illness? How is self-awareness represented in the brain, and is this representation isolated from o r attached to awareness of others? Though none of these questions are fully answerable at this time, research into anosognosia has provided scientists and philosophers with insight into some of these ancient questions of human consciousness. The question of "denial" versus "unawareness" is at the heart of debate between psychologists and neurologists about the origin of anosognosia (3). Anosognosia for Hemiplegia: A Window into Self-Awareness :: Stoke Medical Essays Anosognosia for Hemiplegia: A Window into Self-Awareness You wake up in a hospital bed, scared, confused, and attached to a network of tubes and beeping equipment. After doctors assault you with a barrage of questions and tests, your family emerges from the sea of unfamiliar faces surrounding you and explains what has happened; you have had a stroke in the right half of your brain, and you are at least temporarily paralyzed on your left side. You wiggle your left toes to test yourself; everything seems normal. You lift your left arm to show your family that you are obviously not paralyzed. However, this demonstration does not elicit the happy response you expect; it only causes your children to exchange worried glances with the doctors. No matter how many times you attempt to demonstrate movement in the left half of your body, the roomful of people insists that you are paralyzed. And you are, you just do not know it. How is this possible? You are suffering from anosognosia, a condition in which an ill patient is unaware of her own ill ness or the deficits resulting from her illness (1). Anosognosia occurs at least temporarily in over 50% of stroke victims who suffer from paralysis on the side of the body opposite the stroke, a condition known as hemiplegia (1). Patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia insist they can do things like lift both legs, touch their doctor's nose with a finger on their paralyzed side, and walk normally (2). These patients are much less likely to regain independence after their stroke than patients without anosognosia, primarily because they overestimate their own abilities in unsafe situations (3). However, the implications of the illness go far beyond those for patients who suffer from it; anosognosia brings questions of the origin of self-awareness to the forefront. How can someone lose the ability to know when she is or is not moving? Is this some type of elaborate Freudian defense mechanism, or is this person entirely unaware of her illness? How is self-awareness represented in the brain, and is this representation isolated from o r attached to awareness of others? Though none of these questions are fully answerable at this time, research into anosognosia has provided scientists and philosophers with insight into some of these ancient questions of human consciousness. The question of "denial" versus "unawareness" is at the heart of debate between psychologists and neurologists about the origin of anosognosia (3).

Changing Roles Of Men and Women Essay

In the years that followed the second world war, a golden age in history was set out. There was a surge in business, and after mourning their lost ones, people had grown to accept this new life. However, this new age also led to the social hierarchy, placing men at the top and their women at their feet. Men at the time were more than likely soldiers, adjusting to peace time once more. For most men, the idea was that they would start a family, get a job, and enjoy the benefits of being at the head of the household. The most common image of a man from this time was the typical business man, in a suit, going out and providing for his family. (Some of the most common occupations for men were drivers, secretaries and businessmen.) In return, it was expected for his wife, and all women, to be what was known as a â€Å"Good Wife†. A â€Å"good wife† would be expected to have a meal ready for her husband, to have perfect hair and make up, and to wait for the man to finish speaking before she spoke. It was socially acceptable for the man to punish his wife if he was displeased. Marital rape was commonplace, but often went unreported, due the expectations of a woman to please her husband. This often meant that the husband was allowed to abuse his wife for his own pleasure. While it may have been seen as ideal to be the head of the household, the did come some downsides to being a provider. The main issue men faced would have been pressure to provide. It was up to the man and the man alone to provide for what was potentially an ever growing family. There would have been a number of factors that could have led a man to suffer from a great deal of stress. With the 50’s came the civil rights movement, giving way to more minorities being allowed to work in the same profession as a white man. There was also an influx of immigrants at this time, who were seen as a cheap labour force by any big industrial power. This led to a number of men losing jobs, which then added to the stress. America at this time was at the height of the â€Å"Red Scare†, a period in which a mass hysteria gripped  Americans, and a fear of communism was evident. People that failed to meet the American ideals were often classed as commies, and those that were, were unable to keep their jobs. Therefore, there were a number of factors that prove that despite the fact that they had supremacy, life for the 1950’s man was not as easy as it seemed. Women in the 50’s had a difficult life. Many traditional women had no problem being subservient to men, it was an idea that had been in place since the birth of most modern nations. Women in the 50’s strived to be the ideal wife. They spent an inordinate amount of time cooking and cleaning, ensuring that everything was perfect for when their husband came home. They would also ensure that they had perfect hair and make up, and would stand at the ready to greet their husband when he returned. Women would often suffer at the hands of their husbands if they were displeased, and the lack of equal rights laws meant that this was not only allowed, but in many cases, socially expected. Women were unlikely to have a career at this time, again relying more on their husbands to provide for the family. It was deemed as being disobedient if a woman went against her husbands will. In the 1960’s, a new wave of feminist protests took place, inspired by the civil rights movement. 1960’s Inspired by the successes of the civil rights movement, women became bolder in their demands, and a new wave of feminism took hold. Women began to campaign for equality, and wanted to bring about an end to discrimination against women. A leading figure in women’s feminism in the sixties was Betty Friedan. A leading figure in feminism, Friedan published a book in 1963, titled â€Å"The Feminine Mystique†. This was her term for a set if ideas that said that women’s happiness came from being wives and mothers. Friedan challenged this notion, insisting that women needed employment to avoid frustration and boredom. She wrote of hundreds of college-educated women who felt little better than domestic servants. Men in the sixties retained employment in the military, sales, factories and  construction. At the time, the majority of politicians were men, and very few women were allowed a job in power. Typical jobs for women included teachers, nurses, and home-makers. Even though they were working, they were still limited to jobs that focused on childcare, or minor medical care. More women than ever were entering into paid work, which led to an increase in dissatisfaction amongst women that were still living in patriarchal households. The sixties led to a number of breakthroughs in feminism. Gradually, Americans came to accept some of the basic goals of the Sixties feminists: equal pay for equal work, an end to domestic violence, curtailment of severe limits on women in managerial jobs, an end to sexual harassment, and sharing of responsibility for housework and child rearing. During the sixties, there were major changes in marriage, particularly in the bedroom. More than ever, women had begun to use contraception. By the end of the sixties, around 80% of women of childbearing age were using the contraceptive pill after its approval by the federal government in 1960. This freed many women from unwanted pregnancy and gave them many more choices, and freedom, in their personal lives. There were heavy feminine influences on much of the culture in thee 1960s. In 1963, an American woman, the physicist Maria Goepper-Mayer, won a Nobel Prize for the first time. The civil rights and antiwar movements politicized and radicalised a growing number of women bombarded with contradictory expectations and images about work and family. While Lesley Gore’s hit song ‘You Don’t Own Me’ climbed the charts, Leave It to Beaver and Father Knows Best dominated television. One in 5 women with children under 6 and nearly one fourth of women whose children were over 16 held paid jobs in the Sixties. Their pay, however, was 60 percent of the male rate. Though equal pay legislation passed in 1963, that did not solve the problem of low pay in jobs that were classed as female. In 1966, the National organisation for women was formed. In 1968, feminists protested at the â€Å"Miss America† pageant, claiming that the competition was sexist. It was no longer unusual to see women in the top positions of what were seen as men’s careers, such as Opera Winfrey on TV, Madeline Albright in diplomacy as Secretary of State, and and in the Supreme Court, with  Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Ruth Bayder Ginsburg. 1970’s In the seventies, it was apparent that the protests of the sixties had caused changes. Women were now able to hold jobs that granted them more power than ever before. It is clear that at this time, people were generally more accepting, and as a result, this decade saw more female political leaders than ever before. Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s first female Prime Minister, in a move supported by most of the population. It was not her gender, but her social status and her actions that caused controversy, which in a way, showed that women were becoming more equal to men. Another woman who changed the face of politics include Isabel Martinez de Peron, who became the first female president of Argentina in 1974. She was also the first female head of state in the western hemisphere who wasn’t a monarch. Other women that took positions of great power included Elisabeth Domitien, the first woman Prime Minister of the Central African Republic; Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India until 1977; Prime Minister Golda Meir of Israel; Lidia Gueiler Tejada, who became president of Bolivia between 1979 and 1980; and Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, who became the first female Prime Minister of Portugal in 1979. Women’s rights and wages were high on the public agenda throughout the 1970s. Women continued to challenge traditional gender roles that confined them to work as child bearers and housewives, or kept them in routine, low-status positions. In the early 1970s, women constituted one-third of the workforce, but were still paid less than men. In 1972, the Whitlam Government ruled that women doing the same job as men should be paid the same wage. In 1979 women also won the right to paid maternity leave. Few women, however, were employed in managerial or high-status roles. More women had however, begun to work outside the house, men were allowed by society to show their sensitive sides. Whilst women would prepare for work,  men would take over more child care and housekeeping roles; a step away from any previously existing stereotypes regarding gender roles. However, with new conflicts such as Vietnam arising, it was a time when many men would be drafted and forced to fight. At this time, many people opposed the war in Vietnam, and believed that it wasn’t worth the loss. Therefore, women weren’t relied on as heavily during this conflict to keep things running on the home front, and so there wasn’t a major shift in gender roles. Equality spread to military service for 70s women as well. Women were however finally admitted into U.S. military academies, though assignments in combat would have to wait. The U.S. Army did, however, finally eliminate the Women’s Army Corps in 1978 and brought women into the U.S. Army. The feminism of the 60s had not yet died out, and what is referred to as the â€Å"New Wave† of feminism came to be. This was a huge success with women becoming more equal on any number of fronts. This was the first time that more women attended college than men, with the number of women in college making up 60% of the population. It was also in the sixties that the first female magazines were published, which featured male centrefolds. 1980s The 1980s saw major advances in technology, with televisions, early internet connections and video tapes all becoming more common. Some would argue that this was a new golden age in Hollywood, with hundreds of new movies and TV shows being readily available to those that could afford them. This growth in media had a direct impact on life at the time. Stars such as Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger promoted the â€Å"tough guy† image in their violent, action packed ventures onto the big screen. This led to a lot of men trying to emulate this image, with some going to extreme lengths to get that â€Å"Action Hero Look†. Women in movies at the time were either shown as the â€Å"Damsel in Distress†, in need of rescue, or the love interest of the protagonist. Some films, such as the â€Å"Alien† series, broke this stereotype, casting strong, female actresses in leading roles. While some aspired to be follow the film stars of the time, another major media influence was in music. Madonna was one such icon, who broke all  previously set boundaries regarding what was allowed in the media. With her provocative outfits, controversial lyrics and strong attitude, she became a figure in the growth of females as sex icons. She has inspired many current musicians, many of whom are still seen as mere icons. She also paved the way for an era of scantily clad glamour models, who wore very little, and promoted the idea that a woman had to be thin, with clear skin and perfect hair, in order to be attractive. Men had become more and feminine, following influences of Bon Jovi, Queen, and other similar musicians. It was more common for men to have long hair, wear tight clothes and to complete more traditionally women’s roles. Michael Jackson was another influence, with his high pitched voice, outlandish outfits and his behaviour on stage, he showed a generation that men were able to sing, dance and generally perform as women did. Freddie Mercury also showed this. Being openly homosexual, he often wore women’s outfits, such as his trademark white jumpsuit, and danced whilst performing, making him an icon of the less masculine man in the 80s. The household hierarchy had changed again in the 80s, with more women being the breadwinner for the family. The 80s suffered from an economic recessions, so many families relied on both parents to go out and make a living. Eventually, this recession would come to pass. The financial world and the stock market were glamorized in a way they had not been since the 1920s, and figures like Donald Trump and Michael Milken were widely seen as symbols of the decade. Widespread fear of Japanese economic strength would grip the United States in the ’80s. The 1980s gave a variety of role models in the media. 1990s During the 90s, it is widely believed that women were slipping in some cases back into the previous roles of the caregiver. Women’s long quest for equality appeared to be coming to a halt. Bill Clinton was president of America throughout the 90s, and despite the fact that he was a notorious  womaniser, he was a preferred political leader to his wife, Hillary. Most men and even some women were uncomfortable at the idea of a woman being in the White House as leader of the free world. Despite the opposition to Hillary Clinton, she remained a member of the Senate, being the first woman to do so after their husbands term in office had ended. Other women were appointed to Clinton’s office in positions of power. During the time he was in office, he appointed Madeleine Albright as Secretary of State, and Janet Reno as the United States Attorney General. Sheila Widnall became Secretary of the Air Force, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg joined Sandra Day O’Connor as the second woman to be on the U.S. Supreme Court. Women were becoming significantly more visible in American politics. The role of women in politics was changing in other countries, too. Margaret Thatcher, who had been the Prime Minister of Great Britain throughout the 1980s, resigned in late 1990, ending an era in which young women saw her as an example of how a strong woman could successfully lead a major Western nation. Although women had made great strides in their self confidence in the 1980s, they almost seemed to be taking a step back at the beginning of the 1990s. However, this trend did not last for long. Feminism continued to grow in strength once again. When Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas was nominated, several women, including Anita Hill, came forward and testified about how they had been sexually harassed by him in the past. This gave other women the courage to speak out against the sexual harassment they had experienced in the workplace. As a result, many women realized they no longer had to suffer in silence while their male co-workers told obscene jokes or made suggestive remarks to them. With the 90s came even greater advances in technology, with computers and thee internet becoming more powerful, communication was made easier, and the media was able to have an even greater influence on society. Although women seemed to have made strides in Hollywood during the 1980s, they seemed to lose ground in the 1990s. In the theatres, most of the leading roles continued to be played by men in movies such as â€Å"Dances with Wolves,† and â€Å"Braveheart.† However, a few women were able to land leading roles in movies like â€Å"Twister,† and â€Å"Pretty Woman.† Although â€Å"Twister† portrayed a woman  scientist, â€Å"Pretty Woman† was the classic Cinderella story in which a poor girl has her life transformed by a rich, successful man. Music was again another influence in the 90s. Mariah Carey became the biggest female music artist of the decade. Other popular female recording artists included Spice Girls, Britney Spears, and Christina Aguilera. Some male performers were criticized by the National Organization for Women because their music appeared to advocate violence against women. In particular, they objected to the lyrics of the song, â€Å"Smack My Bitch Up,† by the Prodigy. In the video, a person was depicted abusing women and picking up a prostitute. Many women were vocal in their objections to this type of music, and the negative ideas it might give young men. Eminem also became controversial with the song â€Å"Kim†, which described the brutal murder of his ex wife. Despite some setbacks, feminism was alive and well during the 1990s. â€Å"You go, girl† was a popular expression during the decade. People also talked about Girl Power, and the importance of encouraging young women to reach their potential. The 90s saw more women in colleges and universities, and more women than ever began to graduate into higher levels of employment. As the 20th century drew to a close, women had made great progress, but were yet to achieve all of their goals. The New Millennium Many would argue that with the new millennium women have been able to achieve their goals. In some cases, this is true, with women being able to take up higher positions in employment. There are now more women as doctors, lawyers and politicians than ever before. There are less women being subject to abuse and marital rape in western society. More crimes against women are being taken seriously by the courts. Men are now more commonly taking up the role of the housewife. In many cases, the roles of men and women in society have almost reversed. The is no denying that society has changed. But this isn’t always the case. More than ever, the media has a tight grip on people. This means that its influences on society are greater than ever. Both men and women have grown to crave the looks that the media deems acceptable. The new millennium paved the way for the metro-sexual man, a male who takes great pride in his appearance, often using hair care products, fake tan and make up. This image is shown heavily in TV shows such as â€Å"Geordie Shore† and â€Å"The Only Way is Essex†. These shows not only promote this infeasible idea of what is good looking, but they also promote sexual promiscuity in their teenage viewers. This has led to a large number of teenage pregnancies, which has then either led to abortive procedures or students dropping out of education, barely able to support themselves. This isn’t the only way both genders are exploited in the media. Modelling has become more and more common, but for women in particular, it is seen as a necessity to have a petite frame with perfect hair and skin. But due to photo editing, women are perceived differently to in real life. This leads thousands of young girls to anorexia, bulimia, and in some extreme cases, anxiety and depression. Men are also edited in the media, but not to the scale that women are. Across the world, there are still places in eastern culture in which women have little to no rights. The Middle East in particular, is very strict against women. In some areas, women aren’t allowed to leave their homes without a male escort, and can suffer severe consequences if they do. Women in these cultures do not work, instead it is still the man that acts as the bread winner for the family. Recently, the president of Turkey attempted to ban women from laughing in public. Several years ago, it was illegal for women to vote in the Middle East. Both cases were met with huge resistance. Women defied the law and were finally allowed to vote. Women in Turkey openly laughed in public as a form on protest. Now, in the Middle East, women are finally beginning their struggle for independence. Islamic clerics continue to enjoy a tremendous amount of power, and often exercise great influence in the field of education. The Middle East (including Israel) is unduly hostage to clerics, who do not allow the codification of civil personal status laws. For example, only Cyprus, of all the Middle Eastern countries, recognizes interfaith marriages. Furthermore,  Islam has sanctioned and perpetuated many sexist practices and views, including polygamy, the stigmatization of menstruation, the requirement of wifely obedience to the husband, and the inequality of inheritance and court appearances. All of these practices have at one point or another been part of Christian and Jewish practices or cultures. Although religion bears major responsibility for the inferior status of women, it cannot be solely blamed for the gender problem in the Middle East. In reality, the role of culture has been even more prominent in perpetuating the oppression of women. Female genital mutilation, for example, is a cultural practice that has afflicted women in several cultures at different times in history. The practice, which in Islam garners dubious permission in an alleged Hadith of the Prophet, is largely unknown in most Muslim countries, though it is still practised in rural areas of both Muslim and non-Muslim parts of Africa. Similarly, the so-called â€Å"honour crimes† have no basis in Islam. Furthermore, though veiling has become a symbol of Middle Eastern oppression of women, the practice actually came to Muslim cultures from Christian Byzantium.

Eulogy for Beowulf Essays

Eulogy for Beowulf Essays Eulogy for Beowulf Essay Eulogy for Beowulf Essay A glorious man has died, a very close friend of mine. His name is Beowulf, our King and mighty protector of men. He was a brave man, the bravest I knew, his steel skull never gave up on him and until the very last moment he wore that ancient battle gear through his final war for life. Our great Beowulf once said, Grendel is no braver, no stronger than I am, (677-678). He defeated Abels descendent with nothing more than his very own skeleton suit. No man ever had the courage to battle with the evil Grendel who tortured the Danes. Ha! Our beloved warrior isnt Just a man; he must have been a descendent from some God! Only Beowulf had the strength and will to force Grendel to his death. He ended the suffering, the grief and the sorrow of the Danes great protector and his people. Not only did he end the Danes misery but he graciously accepted Hrothgars friendship, mead and rings of gold. Generously shared his fortunes with his fellow Geats and privileged them all with his presence. However that was not the end for Beowulf, for the vicious Grendel ust have descended from something if not only evil. Beowulf took on the mother of Grendel, even more fearsome than her offspring, alone. Him and his men could have easily denied the battle and let the mother of evil lash out on the people who feared her, but of course not. The almighty warrior knew he had the power to stop her; he would never leave innocent people to suffer her treachery. Defeating her was Just a mere wrestling match for the marble Beowulf. Telling his story reminds me ofa young Beowulf I once knew. We would follow his father around and be guided by the best of warriors. His father had carved special wooden swords for both of us to defend our families with. One day Beowulf and I lost ourselves in a tree-maze, we could not find our way home for days, and in those three moons we came across a slithering foe with nothing more to his name than a few twigs and a dead mouse. Seeing this Beowulf had stripped down, crouched to his level and as vulnerable as he was he managed to capture the serpent for us both to enjoy. When we arrived home arrying the beasts mask we were praised for our bravery and skills. From then on Beowulf was known for his courage and bravery, and most importantly his loyalty to comrades. Not once did he even think about leaving my beaten young self behind, Beowulf, the magnificent friend that he was, stayed by my side and helped me survive those long nights as children. Be it luck, skill, or the guiding hand of God. Beowulf so strongly believed in the will of God, and after his battle with Grendels mother he proclaimed to Hrothgar, Id have been dead at once, and the fght inished, the she-devil victorious, if our Father in heaven had not helped me, (1656-1558). His strong faith in our sun bearer made him seem like a super human , as if knowing what God had wished to happen, helping him win his battles. If Beowulf were here in the flesh he would not want us all to mourn, but to rejoice and celebrate his return to our Father. For he died to protect his nation and his name, he passed surrounded by precious Jewels and silvers. His going was easy, knowing his fate was written and going according to plan. After his final words were said Wiglaf goes to the other Geats and tells them, with Gods good grace he, (Beowulf), helped himself, swung his sword alone and won his own revenge. I went to after his last sip of life Beowulfs strength and fame live on. His fortune will be buried and go with him into eternal rest. His name will live on forever, and while he sits up there with our Lord, I know he is watching over his kingdom. As well as all of us who love and worship him as our eternal protector. May us all carry on and forever remember Beowulf.

John G. Roberts, Supreme Court Chief Justice

John G. Roberts, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Glover Roberts, Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is the 17th chief justice of the United States, serving on and presiding over the United States Supreme Court. Roberts began his tenure on the court on September 29, 2005, after having been nominated by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the U.S. Senate following the death of former Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Based on his voting record and written decisions, Roberts is believed to have a conservative judicial philosophy. Fast Facts: John G. Roberts Known For: 17th chief justice of the United States Supreme CourtBorn: January 27, 1955 in Buffalo, New YorkParents: John Glover Roberts and Rosemary PodraskEducation: Harvard University (B.A., J.D.)Wife: Jane Sullivan (m. 1996)Children: Josephine Roberts, Jack RobertsNotable Quotation: â€Å"You cant fight for your rights if you dont know what they are.† Early Life John Glover Roberts, Jr., was born on January 27, 1955, in Buffalo, New York, to John Glover Roberts and Rosemary Podrasky. In 1973, Roberts graduated at the top of his high school class from La Lumiere School, a Catholic boarding school in LaPorte, Indiana. While a student, Roberts wrestled, served as captain of the football team, and was a member of the student council. After graduating from high school, Roberts attended Harvard University, earning his tuition by working in a steel mill during the summer. After receiving his bachelor’s degree summa cum laude in 1976, Roberts entered Harvard Law School and graduated magna cum laude in 1979. Legal Experience From 1980 to 1981, Roberts served as a law clerk to then-Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist on the United States Supreme Court. From 1981 to 1982, he served in the Reagan administration as a special assistant to U.S. Attorney General William French Smith. From 1982 to 1986, Roberts served as associate counsel to President Ronald Reagan. After a brief stint in private practice, Roberts returned to government to serve in the George H. W. Bush administration as deputy solicitor general from 1989 to 1992. He returned to private practice in 1992. D.C. Circuit Roberts was nominated to serve on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit- also known as the D.C. Circuit- in 2001. Tensions between the Bush administration and the Democrat-controlled Senate, however, prevented Roberts from being confirmed until 2003. As a Circuit Court judge, Roberts ruled on a number of major cases, including Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, which concerned the legality of military tribunals. The court decided that such tribunals are legal because they are sanctioned by the United States Congress and because the Third Geneva Convention- which outlines protections for prisoners of war- does not apply to U.S. courts. Appointment to U.S. Supreme Court On July 19, 2005, President George W.  Bush nominated Roberts to fill the vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court created by the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day OConnor.  Roberts was the first Supreme Court nominee since Stephen Breyer in 1994. Bush announced Roberts nomination in a live, nationwide television broadcast from the East Room of the White House. Following the September 3, 2005, death of William H. Rehnquist, Bush withdrew Roberts nomination as OConnors successor, and on September 6, sent the United States Senate notice of Roberts new nomination to the position of chief justice. Roberts was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 78-22 on September 29, 2005, and was sworn in hours later by Associate Justice John Paul Stevens. During his confirmation hearings, Roberts told the Senate Judiciary Committee that his philosophy of jurisprudence was not â€Å"comprehensive† and that he did â€Å"not think beginning with an all-encompassing approach to constitutional interpretation is the best way to faithfully construe the document.† Roberts compared the job of a judge to that of a baseball umpire. â€Å"Its my job to call balls and strikes, and not to pitch or bat,† he said. Roberts is the youngest chief justice of the Supreme Court since John Marshall served more than 200 years ago. He received more Senate votes supporting his nomination (78) than any other nominee for chief justice in American history. Major Decisions During his tenure on the Supreme Court, Roberts has handed down rulings on a number of major issues, from campaign finance to healthcare to free speech. Roberts concurred with the majority in the case Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, one of the courts most controversial rulings. The decision asserted that the First Amendment protects the rights of businesses, non-profit organizations, and other groups to make unlimited expenditures, including those intended to influence political campaigns and elections. Critics of the ruling believed it has allowed for an influx of corporate money into elections, weakening the democratic process. Proponents, on the other hand, believe that such money is a form of protected speech. In the 2007 case Morse v. Frederick, Roberts authored the majority opinion, which held that educators have a right to regulate student speech expressed at or near school-sponsored events. The litigation concerned a student who held a banner reading BONG HiTS 4 JESUS across the street from a school event. Roberts, invoking the school speech doctrine, wrote that the school principal had reason to restrict this speech because it was promoting illegal behavior. In a dissenting opinion, Justices Steven, Souter, and Ginsberg wrote that the Court does serious violence to the First Amendment in upholding...a schools decision to punish Frederick for expressing a view with which it disagreed. Personal Life Roberts is married to Jane Marie Sullivan, also an attorney. They have two adopted children, Josephine (Josie) and Jack Roberts. The Robertses are Roman Catholic and currently live in Bethesda, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Legacy Roberts has played a significant role in Supreme Court history, often serving as a key swing vote on divided rulings. In 2012, he sided with the liberal side of the court in voting to uphold key provisions in the Affordable Care Act (aka Obamacare) as part of the decision National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. He sided with the conservative minority, however, in the case Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage throughout the United States. Sources Biskupic, Joan. The Chief: the Life and Turbulent Times of Chief Justice John Roberts. Basic Books, 2019.Liptak, Adam. â€Å"Supreme Court Upholds Health Care Law, 5-4, in Victory for Obama.† The New York Times, 28 June 2012.Toobin, Jeffrey. â€Å"Money Unlimited: How Chief Justice John Roberts Orchestrated the Citizens United Decision.† The New Yorker, 14 May 2012.

Application of quality management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Application of quality management - Essay Example 3.2.4 Apply Actions Of Outcome (A-Act) . 15-15 Overall Process Performance (P) Evaluation ... 15-16 Suggestion To Improve PDCA . 16-16 Conclusion 17-17 Glossary 18-19 References . 20-20 Appendix - 1 . 21-23 - TOWS Matrix For Cycle 1 .. 21-21 - TOWS Matrix For Cycle 2 .. 22-22 - TOWS Matrix For Cycle 3 .. 23-23 Appendix - 2 . 24-25 - 2.1 Standard Cell Library Design Process Flow .. 24-24 - 2.2 Standard Cell Library Characterization Process Flow .. 25-25 Introduction of Organization: Organization: Conexant Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CNXT) - INDIA Design Center (IDC - Hyderabad)). CEO: Mr. Steve Sanghi. (Former) (During project in this case study). Industry Type: Semiconductor IC Design (Product Based MNC). - Fabless (Uses TSMC, Jazz & UMC facilities for fabrication of their IC products.) Company's Products: Audio (Speakers-on-a-Chip, PC HD-Audio, PC HD-Audio Modem Combo), Video (MPEG Encoders/Codecs, Video Decoders, Demodulators, Surveillance / Security, Imaging Solutions), Fax Modems (Fax and MFP System Solutions, Digital Photo Frames, Dial-Up Access Modems), PC Dial-Up Modems (Embedded Dial-Up Modems, Broadband Access - Client Side), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions, Embedded Communications Software, Broadband Access - Central Office), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions), Passive Optical Networks (GPON & BPON). Company URL: http://conexant.com Quality Management Standards: According to ISO 9001:2000, Auditor: DNV Certified. Environmental Standards: DNV EMS Certified. Background of Department in Organization (For Present Case Study): Department Chosen: Foundation IP BU (Standard Cell IP Development) Business Unit Head & Standard Cell Library Manager: Mr. Kedar...It also demonstrates both conceptual & analytical ways to solve various flow & process related problems in a step by step manner." Company's Products: Audio (Speakers-on-a-Chip, PC HD-Audio, PC HD-Audio Modem Combo), Video (MPEG Encoders/Codecs, Video Decoders, Demodulators, Surveillance / Security, Imaging Solutions), Fax Modems (Fax and MFP System Solutions, Digital Photo Frames, Dial-Up Access Modems), PC Dial-Up Modems (Embedded Dial-Up Modems, Broadband Access - Client Side), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions, Embedded Communications Software, Broadband Access - Central Office), ADSL Solutions (VDSL Solutions, SHDSL Solutions), Passive Optical Networks (GPON & BPON). Project Overview: Re-establishment of a CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) IC design library team for improvement in layout views for compliance with new 65nm Design Rules (Physical / Layout Design Rules) & DFM (Design For Manufacturability) rules to cope up with the demands of area reduction challenges & compliance of the design with manufacturing constraints of 65nm feature size & high yield assurance, targeted to TSMC fab for manufacturing. Project Technical Challenge: Technology migration from 11 track to 9 track standard height of each cell in 650 TSMC GP standard cell library.

The Evolution of Cloud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Evolution of Cloud - Assignment Example Cloud computing allows a user to access his data or even run computer software from a remote data center via the internet. However, the data being accessed or the software being run needs to be present or stored in a cloud, rather than on a personal computer hard drive or a company’s server. This form of computer architecture has allowed many small and medium companies to grow. This has been done by enabling employees to access important corporate data while on the move. This has come as an alternative to costly network infrastructure, which demanded huge capital outlay from small and medium enterprises. It is interesting to know that this technological innovation has emerged from the existing technology landscape. A demonstration of this technological innovation is the Hotmail account which uses technology delivered by cloud computing. It provides users with data that is not stored on a personal computer. Experts believe this form of computing to unleash the next great paradigm shift of personal computing. This paradigm shift will transform the traditional model of computing and open up new opportunities for businesses, consumers, the environment and economic growth. There are numerous benefits of cloud computing, for instance, those countries which are spending exceedingly on information and communications technology; they can use this technology to reduce approximately 20-50 percent of their current cost. By means of this form of computing, users can access their data or run software from virtually anywhere. However, they do need an internet connection to make this possible. Cloud computing enables users to run their own applications while using their internet service provider’s servers, operating systems, and storage facility. Experts believe that cloud computing has the potential to create up to 240,000 jobs in the short term.

The Description, Analysis, and Research of Tuscany, Italy, as a Essay

The Description, Analysis, and Research of Tuscany, Italy, as a Tourist Destination - Essay Example Brief history of Tuscany Indeed, Tuscany has a rich history dating back to 1100 B.C. when men lived in the iron and bronze error. The first Etruscans to settle brought a great deal of civilization to the area before the Romans finally brought peace and established their empire. It was during this time that Tuscany experienced renaissance. The romans also introduced new technology and all these, through inheritance, have projected Tuscany to her current popularity (Discover Tuscany). Physical description Since many tourists around the world prefer beautiful and extraordinary countryside with impressive views, Tuscany qualifies as one of the most favorable destinations in the Southern part of Europe (Howells 18). Howells states that Tuscany brings a combination of both extensive hills in the northern part of Lunigiana, to the beautiful valleys, down to the magnificent beaches of the Maremma at the coastal region (19). All these hills, valleys, and plains, wrapped up as a package, proje ct a remarkable sight. Any outgoing tourist who likes hiking and sightseeing will find their paradise in Tuscany, as they will never have enough time to traverse all the beautiful scenery (Howells 29). Tuscan has a large geographical area spanning 8.8 square miles, most of it being mountainous. This is especially great for mountain climbers, and bike riders, who flock every year for various competitions. This clearly shows that its general view gives it a competitive advantage over other tourist destinations not forgetting the long western coastline (Howells 16). Location and Topography Tuscany is located in Italy with its capital based in Florence, a major tourist attraction with prestigious hotels. Its strategic location makes it easier for many aspiring tourist from Europe, America, Asia, and Australia to connect at the shortest time possible due to the superb infrastructure in the cities and beyond. Chains of rolling, hilly landscape, with few proportions of agricultural land, characterize the topography of Tuscany. On its western side is along coastline with small islands off the sea, providing a special enjoyment opportunity for sand bathers and vocational travelers. This unique topography provides tourists with a classical landscape that most tourists crave (Howells 13). Cultural highlights It is no doubt that Tuscany has a rich cultural heritage. When one travels to major cities like Florence and Siena, they are likely to witness this endowment of artistic heritage in such places as art galleries, churches, and museums. The main language in Tuscany is Italia n, spoken by the majority of the citizens, although various local dialects like Tuscan exist. Though language diversity is good, this can pose a challenge especially in the tourism sector. Literature and music receive wide acknowledgement more so because they normally attract tourists through skilled entertainment. While some tourists visit Tuscany to learn fine arts, others come to experience the diversity and culture. Therefore, the only logical conclusion one can make is that Tuscany has strategically positioned herself culturally, for tourist attraction (Tourism and Holidays in Tuscany). Food and dining (wine) In Tuscan, most people prefer to be simple in matters concerning food. Cuisines in Tuscany include but not limited to vegetables, fresh fruits, mushrooms, Cheese, legumes, and bread. This rich menu provides