A Guide to Ghost Month in China

The 7th lunar month in the traditional Chinese calendar is called Ghost Month. It is said that on the first day of the month, the Gates of Hell are sprung open to allow ghosts and spirits access to the world of the living. The spirits spend the month visiting their families, feasting, and looking for victims.  There are three important days during Ghost Month, which this article will delve into. Honoring the Dead On the first day of the month, ancestors are honored with offerings of food, incense, and ghost money—paper money which is burned so the spirits can use it. These offerings are done at makeshift altars set up on sidewalks outside the house. Almost as important as honoring your ancestors, offerings to ghosts without families must be made so that they will not cause you any harm. Ghost month is the most dangerous time of the year, and malevolent spirits are on the lookout to capture souls. This makes ghost month a bad time to do activities such as evening strolls, traveling, moving house, or starting a new business. Many people avoid swimming during ghost month since there are many spirits in the water which can try to drown you. Ghost Festival The 15th day of the month is Ghost Festival, sometimes called Hungry Ghost Festival. The Mandarin Chinese name of this festival is ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Æ'ç ¯â‚¬ (traditional form), or ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€¦Æ'节 (simplified form), which is pronounced zhÃ… ng yuà ¡n jià ©. This is the day when the spirits are in high gear. It’s important to give them a sumptuous feast, to please them and to bring luck to the family. Taoists and Buddhists perform ceremonies on this day to ease the sufferings of the deceased. Closing Gates The last day of the month is when the Gates of Hell close  up again. The chants of Taoist priests inform the spirits that it’s time to return, and as they are confined once again to the underworld, they let out an unearthly wail of lament. Vocabulary for Ghost Month If you happen to be in China during Ghost Month, it could be fun to learn these vocabulary words! While terms like ghost money or ghost month are only applicable to Ghost Month, other words like feast or offerings can be used in casual conversation. English Pinyin Traditional Characters Simplified Characters altar shà ©n tà ¡n ç ¥Å¾Ã¥ £â€¡ ç ¥Å¾Ã¥ â€º ghost guÇ  é ¬ ¼ é ¬ ¼ vampire jiÄ ng shÄ « æ ® ­Ã¥ ±  Ã¥Æ' µÃ¥ ° ¸ ghost money zhÇ  qià ¡n ç ´â„¢Ã©Å' ¢ ç º ¸Ã©â€™ ± incense xiÄ ng é ¦â„¢ é ¦â„¢ ghost month guÇ  yuà ¨ é ¬ ¼Ã¦Å"ˆ é ¬ ¼Ã¦Å"ˆ feast gÃ… ng pÇ n ä ¾â€ºÃ¥â€œ  ä ¾â€ºÃ¥â€œ  offerings jà ¬ bà  i ç ¥ ­Ã¦â€¹Å" ç ¥ ­Ã¦â€¹Å"

Racism Essay - 1343 Words

As societies become more complex a complex change came about. The social system elevated entire categories of people above others, providing one segment of the population with a disproportionate share of money, power and schooling. To a considerable degree, the class system in the United States rewards individual talent and effort. But, our class system also retains elements of a caste system; Ascribed status greatly influences what we become later in life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nothing affects social standings in the United States as much as our birth into a particular family, something, which we have no control over. Being born to privilege or poverty sets the stage for our future schooling, occupation and income. Research†¦show more content†¦In 1996,a median income Hispanic family was $26,179, which is 58 percent of the comparable figures for all white people. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Religion has a bearing on social standing in the United States. Among Protestant denominations, with which almost two-thirds of individuals identify in the U.S., Episcopalians and Presbyterians have significantly higher social standing, on average, than Lutherans and Baptists. Jewish people too, have high social standing, while Roman Catholics hold a more modest position. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Families in the upper class, 5 percent of the U.S. population, earn more than $100,000 annually and may even earn ten times that much. Many members of the upper class work as top corporate executives or senior government officials. Typically, upper class people attend the most expensive and highly regarded schools and colleges. Historically, though less so today, the upper class has been composted of white Anglo-Saxton Protestants (WASP). The upper class often describes as â€Å"society† or â€Å"blue bloods†, included less than 1 percent o the U.S. Population. 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Ethical Implications About Global Tax Avoidance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Implications Global Tax Avoidance. Answer: Introduction The issue of ethics is topical in that it impacts on the operations of almost all businesses. Basically, ethics refers to the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct (Robbins, 2010). In the same vein, it can be observed that enlightened firms encourage their managers to look beyond the expectations of the regulatory system and do the right thing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). These socially responsible firms seek to protect the long-run interests of their stakeholders and the environment. However, ethical issues usually involve conflicting interests and people can disagree about the right course of action to take in a given scenario (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). As such, this paper seeks to discuss the ethical implications of global tax avoidance especially by multinational corporations (MNCs). There are mixed reactions to the aspect of tax avoidance since other people encourage it while others view it as morally wrong. Tax avoidance According to Investopedia (2017), tax avoidance involves the legal use of a tax regime in one territory. In other words, large corporations in particular register their businesses in a single territory where they are liable to pay taxes instead of paying to the respective countries in which they are operating. Tax havens are utilised in this case and these are recognised jurisdictions that are specifically meant to facilitate a reduction of taxes to the advantage of the party involved. The major notable aspect about tax avoidance is that the practice is legal but the only difference is that the tax regimes are administered in different jurisdictions apart from where the company is actually operating. In other words, the host country benefits in the form of employment creation through foreign direct investment but it loses a great deal in terms of revenue collection through tax avoidance. Though legal, tax avoidance has various implications on the government of the host country. Significance of corporate tax According to Cobham and Jansk (2017), international corporate tax is a very important source of government revenue particularly in developing countries such as Latin America, Sub Saharan Africa, Caribbean and South Asia. This notion has also been supported by Myers (2017) who state that developing countries mainly generate revenue from the taxes they charge corporations operating within their jurisdiction. However, it can be observed that these developing countries often lose revenue due to tax avoidance. When MNCs invest in developing countries, they should pay taxes but this is not usually the case. Corporate taxes are also very important since they play a significant role in the development of infrastructure. In most cases, the activities of MNCs in developing countries cause damage to the environment hence the need for them to pay taxes that can in turn be used to develop the infrastructure. Implications of tax avoidance Large multinational companies operating in developing countries are usually registered through offshore tax havens in particular not in the country in which they operate (Bearak, 2016). This action deprives the local governments large sums of tax revenue they are supposed to get from the operations of these MNCs in their countries. For example, it has been observed that Tullow, an organization that is viewed as Africas leading Independent Oil Company derives 84 % of its sales revenue from Africa yet only four of its 81 subsidiary companies are registered in Africa while 47 are registered in Tax havens (Bearak, 2016). This implies that only four registered subsidiary companies pay taxes in the countries in which they are registered in Africa. The rest of the subsidiaries pay their taxes through tax havens which illustrates a perfect example of tax avoidance. The majority of African governments in which the organization operates do not benefit a lot since they do not get corporate taxe s from these companies. The other example can be drawn from the case of Panama Papers where large sums of money were moved through tax havens and this money could have been taxed by the worlds poorest governments desperately in need of money (Bearak, 2016). The developing countries were compromised a great deal since they lost large sums of money through tax avoidance. In the same vein, it can be seen that the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa has estimated that between $30 billion and $60 billion is lost by African governments through tax avoidance annually (Bearak, 2016). Surprisingly, this money is siphoned legally from developing countries by the MNCs from the rich western countries in particular. The major notable aspect here is that tax avoidance is legal since it is not criminal in any way. The only difference is that tax regimes are administered in different jurisdictions apart from the host country where the MNCs operate as illustrated in the example explained above. Ethical implications of the practice of tax avoidance Whilst the aspect of tax avoidance is legal as noted above, the morality of the practice has been questioned and often criticised by people from different sectors of the society. Ethically, companies should strive to do the right thing in their operations. In some cases, actions that are legal can be immoral somehow since they impact negatively on the welfare of the majority of the people in the environment in which they operate. The companys action should benefit the majority of people in the environment in which it is operating. This view is supported by the utilitarian theory of ethics. According to Robbins (2000), the utilitarian theory of ethics mainly focuses on the outcomes of a certain action on the other people. In other words, it focuses on the interests of the other people since it clearly states that the majority of the people should benefit from a course of action especially by a company. This ethical theory equates pleasure with good while pain is equated with wrong doi ng (Cavalier, 2002). Therefore, the action that brings the greatest happiness to the greatest number of people should be given prominence over the action that is likely to cause suffering to the majority of people. In as far as the issue of tax avoidance is concerned, it can be seen that its morality is questionable though the action is viewed as legal. Legally, there is nothing wrong with this practice by quite a number of MNCs that operate in different countries but paying their taxes through tax havens. In the end, the host countries lose on corporate taxes which are much needed for various developmental purposes. The MNCs should consider the interests of the majority of people in the host countries who should benefit from the taxes they are supposed to pay instead of evading them through the use of tax havens. Many developing countries are often at the receiving end since they mainly rely on foreign aid. Ironically, these countries have vast natural resources that are expropriated by the developed countries that do not pay taxes that should benefit the local people. Ethically, this practice should be condemned since it undermines the interests of the other people who should benefit from the ir resources. MNCs should be cognisant of the fact that their actions are detrimental to the host country therefore they should compensate the local governments through paying taxes directly to them instead of relying on tax havens that are administered in offshore jurisdictions. This will help to address the anomaly where the local governments are at the receiving end instead of enjoying their own wealth. Conclusion It can be concluded that ethical issues impact on the operations of organisations in various ways since they are supposed to look beyond written laws and regulations. In other words, companies are expected to do the right thing in their work. As discussed above, the issue of ethics is controversial since it is comprised of conflicting interests and there is no universal agreement about what is right. As illustrated in the case of multinationals operating in poor countries, it can be seen that the issue of global tax avoidance is a cause for concern since these nations are losing billions of dollars annually through tax havens where the large corporations are registered. However, the aspect of tax havens is legal and it does not violate any law. The taxes are properly administered in offshore jurisdictions and the law recognises this practice as legal. However, the morality of the practice has often been criticised by many people since it undermines the interests of the local governme nts. They lose large sums of money which should benefit the local citizens. This comes against the background of many developing countries being at the receiving end of foreign aid instead of benefitting from their natural resources plundered by rich MNCs that do not pay corporate taxes. Ethically, this practice can be viewed as wrong since it does not benefit the majority of people. References Bearak, M 2016. How global tax evasion keeps poor countries poor. Washington Post. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/04/08/how-global-tax-evasion-keeps-poor-countries-poor/ . Accessed 13 May 2017. Cobham, A and Jansk, P (2017). Global distribution of revenue loss from tax Avoidance. WIDER Working Paper 2017/55. Available at: https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2017-55.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2017. Cobham, A, and L Gibson 2016. Ending the Era of Tax Havens. Why the UK Government Must Lead the Way. Oxfam Briefing Paper. Oxford: Oxfam. Retrieved from: https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/oxfam/bitstream/10546/601121/4/bp-ending-era-tax-havens-uk-140316-en.pdf Investopedia 2017. What is tax avoidance? Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tax_avoidance.asp. Kotler, P Armstrong, G 2010. Principles of marketing. Cape Town, CT: Pearson. Robbins, SP 2000. Organizational Behavior, 9th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Werner, J 2007. Organizational Behavior. Cape Town: JUTA.

Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island

Targeted Market Segment Foreign tourists Since Bali Island is located in Indonesia, a customer segment that would be easily attracted is foreign tourists from all over the world. Foreign tourists would be appealed by the diversity of arts and culture which are preserved in an exotic fashion in Bali Island (Oxford Business Group 125).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Foreign tourists travel around the world in search of such places so that their holidays can be spent in an interesting and explorative manner. Foreign tourists are targeted since the natural features found in the Indonesian Island would appeal greatly to their holiday needs. Characteristics of foreign tourists This customer segment includes people from different ages, but especially older adults who are from the working class. The targeted age group includes travellers who have a stable source of income and maybe families. The need for quality services Extravagance Willingness to spend so as to get the best services and the need for a relaxing atmosphere. They normally search for a place they can go to take a break from the busy lifestyles that they lead in their countries. These will make the location of IndoBali Hotel ideal for this customer segment since Bali Island is in an isolated place away from civilization and the hustles of city life. Furthermore, the social, cultural, artistic, religious and hospitable people create an experience of a lifetime for foreign tourists who cannot find these aspects in other luxurious destinations or in their home countries (Richards and Hall 179). Food and Beverage Operations The IndoBali Hotel will include two restaurants that are needed because the expected visitors will be from different cultures and backgrounds. People from various regions in the world eat different foods. For instance, the Japanese mostly eat shr imps and sea foods while Indians eat spicy foods. One restaurant will therefore be themed and will specialize in preparing exotic foods. This restaurant will be decorated with wooden frames and will have a capacity of 100 seats. It will have an international presence including artwork from Asia, Africa, Europe and America. This will also be a fine dining restaurant that will cater for the needs of foreigners who might prefer their local cuisines even while on holiday. The prices of foods in this restaurant will be higher than those charged in the other food joint and will range between $15 to 35 for adults and half for children below 12 years. This strategy will aim at encouraging tourists to eat the local foods that are eaten by the Indonesian people.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The beverages sold here will include popular brands like Coca Cola, Pepsi, Smirnoff, Vi ceroy and fruit juices. The second food and beverage establishment will specialize in local 3 course meals including foods and beverages and will be operating throughout the day as long as there are visitors spending in the hotel. Wit a capacity of 200 seats, this restaurant will serve dishes such as Indonesian snacks like warung, siomay and batagor (Holzen, Hutton and Arsana 24). The foods will also be spicy since the Indonesian people like hot foods. Other Indonesian delicacies include banana wrapped fish, vegetable salads with sweet peanut dressing, broth soaked noodles, fiery curries, sambal, Soto and satay. The prices of these delicacies will be cheaper than what is offered for the foreign meals so that tourists are influenced into trying out the Indonesian foods. The Indonesian beverages that will feature in this restaurant’s menu will include: Bintang, Anker, Es Kelapa Muda, Es Cincau, Es Milo and Happy Soda (27). This restaurant will have meals and drinks sold cheaper as compared to the themed restaurant and will include a charge of between $10 to 20 for adults and half for children below 12 years. This strategy aims at ensuring that tourists experience the Indonesian culture when they visit our hotel in Bali Island. Services and facilities Our hotel will also include a gym, bar and swimming pool. These aim at making the hotel a one stop shop for visitors. Since the objective of tourists who visit various destinations is to have fun and relaxation, all these services will come in handy. The gym will include equipment such as that for aerobics, weight lifting, benches, dumb-bells, battling ropes, flooring, mats, exercise bikes and treadmills. This equipment will ensure that visitors do not leave the hotel having gained extra weight unnecessarily.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There will also be facilitie s for yoga since this is part of the religious culture of Indonesians. Foreign tourists will get to experience yoga if they visit our hotel. There will be a bar within the hotel which will serve alcoholic drinks. This bar will operate 24 hours and will only serve alcoholic drinks to adults. There will be a strict policy about those who the drinks will be sold to so as to avoid law suits involving minors. The bar will be spacious so as to accommodate a dance floor. Most of the popular alcoholic brands will be sold here such as Viceroy, Smirnoff, Martini, Sex on the Beach, Margarita, Pin Colada, Pina Colada and Long Island Iced Tea. The hotel will include a luxury swimming pool that is shaped like the letter B. There will be a large deep end pool that will serve adult swimmers. There will also be a smaller adjacent shallow end pool that will be for young kids who do not know how to swim. Floaters will be provided and there will be a trainer who will keep watch of swimmers so as to han dle the need for swimming lessons or emergencies such as drowning. There will also be coaches besides the pool for swimmers to bask in the sun if they do not want to get into the water. The Mission Statement The mission statement sets out the objectives that are aimed at by an organization. For IndoBali Hotel, the mission statement will read as follows: â€Å"To be Indonesia’s leading guest resort and to become the most visited hotel in the South Pacific within the next five years.†Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This mission statement will thereby define the short term and long term objectives of the hotel. The short term objectives will include strategies that aim at making the most number of guests visit the hotel within the shortest period of time. For instance setting up a functional organization structure and hiring the most qualified hospitality personnel in the hotel industry. These will ensure that the hotel is equipped with the necessary resources to make it the best run hotel in Indonesia. The long term objectives can include strategies such as expansion into other regions of the South Pacific such as Malaysia and Singapore. The philosophy of the hotel will define how stakeholders will be relating. The managers will be the top most employees and they will ensure that customers get value for their money through excellent customer service. The employees will be the servants who deliver the best quality services to the guests. Employees will be expected to uphold the highest degree o f professionalism when at work. The guests will be the important stakeholders in the hotel since without them the hotel would not be functional. The guests will be entitled to the most outstanding service from all the employees of the hotel. Finally the owners will be expected to provide the hotel with enough resources to make the hotel the best in the region. Guest service goal The guest service goal for IndoBali Hotel will be to increase the rate of return of customers so that 20% of the sales revenue will be from client loyalty within one year. The aim of the guest service goal will be to ensure that there is world class customer service at our hotel. There is need for IndoBali Hotel to set this aim so that the interaction of customers with the company is positive and ever improving. The strategies that are going to be used to achieve this include: Rewarding employees with a 2% bonus for every satisfied customer who leaves the hotel and comes back again at a future date. A motiv ated workforce always strives to perform highly and so a reward and recognition program would benefit customers directly as a result of excellent customer service provided. Offering 5% discount to guests who make return visits to IndoBali Hotel as well as free breakfast in the restaurant. This strategy will encourage guests to come back again so as to enjoy reduced rates of accommodation and meals. Employee training goal The employee training goal will be to ensure that IndoBali personnel acquire hospitality and equipment training within six months. There is need for every hotel staff to be able to operate the facilities that will be available at IndoBali Hotel. This will make all personnel competent enough to handle customer complaints and to carry themselves out with etiquette throughout. The strategies that will be used to achieve this within six months include: Making orientation training compulsory when new recruits are absorbed into the hotel. All the new employees who will be hired will have to undergo hospitality and equipment training so that all staff will be responsible for their own behavior while at work. Compulsory training will ensure that job satisfaction levels are high across different departments. Prioritizing training in the hotel agenda so that sufficient learning will have been given within four months. Planning with four months will ensure that by the end of six months all working personnel will be at par in as far as operating hotel facilities and equipment is concerned. Communication improvement goal The communication improvement goal will be to eliminate employee complaints about lack of internal information within three months. Efficient communication is crucial for the flow of information within organizations. Despite this, many employees complain that they get more information from the press as compared to what they hear from management. This communications improvement strategy is required to ensure that employees of IndoBali Ho tel pass and receive information to management in an organized and reliable manner. The strategies that will be used to achieve the communication improvement goal include: We intend to improve communication in IndoBali Hotel by involving employee representatives during board room meetings so that information can always reach employees fast regardless of the slowness of the formal communication channel that is used to disseminate information. At times memos and emails may be delayed due to unavoidable circumstances but if employee representatives are present in management meetings then information can circulate through the organization’s grapevine. To provide employee feedback forms every month for evaluation of working conditions and recommendations. These forms will enable employees to provide confidential information to the management on issues that affect them and possible solutions. Within the second month of implementing this goal, management will start acting on the co ncerns of employees and this will motivate personnel to provide more feedback. Works Cited Holzen Heinz, Hutton Wendy and Arsana Lother. The Food of Indonesia: Authentic  Recipes from the Spice Islands. Boston: Periplus Editions, 2001. Print Oxford Business Group. The report. Emerging Indonesia. London: Oxford Business Group, 2007. Print Richards, Greg and Hall, Derek. Tourism and Sustainable Community Development.  London: Routledge, 2003. Print This assessment on Make My Own Hotel on Bali Island was written and submitted by user Coen Sweet to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.