Child Brides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Child Brides - Essay Example Martinez hails from a Native American Indian tribe from the Oaxaca valley in Mexico known as the Trique. He was approached by his onetime neighbor and fellow Oaxacan Margarito de Jesus Galindo, who requested the hand of his daughter in marriage. Margarito was only 18 and Martinez’s daughter was just 14. Further, the father had apparently followed a Trique tradition by demanding a sizable dowry from the suitor. He asked to be given $16,000 in cash, 160 cases of beer, 100 cases of soda, 50 cases of Gatorade, two cases of wine and six cases of meat. Apparently this was to be paid on installment basis and the couple was allowed to cohabitate for a week without any kind of legal sanction as per the California law. Margarito defected in his payment within a week of the marriage making his father in law furious. To get back his daughter, he enlisted the aid of the state police – but here, he cunningly covered the part about their marriage deal; choosing only to reveal that his daughter had gone missing. The police were quick to find the eloped couple and soon came to know the entire story. As it happens, numerous state and federal laws of California and the United States of America had been broken here. The girl was only 14 years old, which is 4 years less than the legal age for marriage in California. The police further chose to label this as â€Å"human trafficking† and Martinez has been jailed. He has been awaiting trial. Further Galindo was cited for statutory rape and released. This is based on the testimony of the girl who confessed to having consummated their relationship within the week of the marriage. The nature of the incident and the atypical dowry demanded captured headlines all around the world, with a sudden resurgence of interest in the traditions and practices of the Trique Indians. While a large section of the world population condemned the incident as equivalent to trafficking in women, another section, particularly

Research article Essay Example for Free

Research article Essay Based upon your request, I have conducted a research article on a potential venture which our firs can introduce and invest in a developing country such as India. Due to a shortage of healthcare providers and the poor conditions of the healthcare system, many Indians were dying because of the delay in receiving medical treatment, because labor supply of health professionals is intensive in India, the launch of InstyMeds[R] should help significantly resolve these issues. Recently, a company named InstyMeds Corporation developed their first ATM-Style medication dispenser, â€Å"InstyMeds ®Ã¢â‚¬ , which can label and dispense containers of different shapes and size; most drug forms including tablets, liquids, creams and so forth.    InsteyMeds ® claim that the dispensers can issue medication in a faster, simpler and more convenient way compared to those of traditional drug stores. Moreover, these dispensers are user friendly with their touch screen operating systems. For example, once the patient has been seen, the doctor can simply issue the prescription via the InstyMeds ® system, therefore patients are only required to enter the barcode which has been assigned under their name for verification purposes. The dispenser takes care of the rest and the medication will be labeled and dispensed within five minutes [5]. It is an all-in-one dispensing process which can be done at the same hospital/clinic; patients will no longer have to endure waiting times for medications. Because health professionals are inadequate in India, this is the target sector for this firm to launch InstyMeds ®.   At present there is an unstable drugs delivery schedule and a shortage of health specialists, patients are required to wait longer time before they receive their treatment.   For instance, most of the developing countries have only one doctor and pharmacist per 160,000 people [2]. The absence of health care professionals limits the access of both hospitals and pharmacies to up-to-date medical information; this affects the quality of services.   Since the latest information regarding medication is not accessible to the majority of pharmacists, they are heavily dependent upon the inserted package leaflets used as sources of medical information [3]. To prevent pharmacists from engaging these kinds of practices, InstyMeds ® will be an advantageous approach to solving this. Based on the research, InstyMeds ® can greatly benefit India within three reasons: 1. InstyMeds ® would provide benefit to people in India: Installations of InstyMeds ® allows patients to obtain their medicine 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This service is favorable to patients as the local transportation system is not yet sufficiently developed in India. 2. InstyMeds ® means to Pharmacists: The company claim the dispensers will handle more than 100 prescriptions per day; this can reduce the work load of pharmacists and so it allows the hospital to become more flexible when allocating their manpower.   Moreover, InstyMeds ® internal system will prompt pharmacists to re-stock medicine when the dispensers are running out of drugs.   As a result, pharmacists will then have more time to consult patients with regards to the usage of drugs; this will reduce, if not eradicate medical errors and ideally deliver patients a better service. 3. InstyMeds ® will also benefit the Indian government; the available funds that support the healthcare service are constricted for India, and so the use of InstyMeds ® would be an economical way to allocate the resources of healthcare systems. In general, pharmacists often spend a quantity of time keeping track of drug expiration dates, selecting package and labeling, and maintaining stable inventories. InstyMeds ® can handle everything as mentioned above so instead of hiring new pharmacists, costs can be saved and used in building up the infrastructure. Before the InstyMeds ® becomes public, it is a great opportunity for this firm to donate some of the dispensers free of charge to some non profitable organization such as â€Å"Mà ©decins Sans Frontià ¨res†, this is an international humanitarian aid organization that provides emergency medical assistance to populations in danger; the organization operates in more than 70 countries. By offering InstyMeds ® to their organization, offers a gesture and a positive image for our company and will promote the dispenser at the same time. I believe the public will commonly use the dispenser in the near future and so it is a great idea for this firm to be the first company to launch it. InstyMeds ®, would be a new business venture of pharmaceutical services in the next ten years and this dispenser is not only beneficial to those people in India but profitable to our firm as well.   By investing capital into InstyMeds ® while offering free dispenser to the Mà ©decins Sans Frontià ¨res, it will develop an investment strategy, which can maximize both financial return and social benefit. InstyMeds ® would be considered a socially responsible investment; conveying goodwill to the public and eventually bringing up our service to the next level. When the use of InstyMeds ® is grounded, it will become a new profit center for the firm.

The Current Trends In Computer Hardware Platforms Computer Science Essay

The Current Trends In Computer Hardware Platforms Computer Science Essay Mobile platform: more and more business computing is moving from PCs and desktop machines to mobile devices like cell phones and smartphones. Data transmissions, Web surfing, e-mail and instant messaging, digital content displays, and data exchanges with internal corporate systems are all available through a mobile digital platform. Netbooks, small low-cost lightweight subnotebooks that are optimized for wireless communication and Internet access, are included. The current version is called Windows Mobile 6.5. It is based on the Windows CE 5.2 kernel, and features a suite of basic applications developed using the Microsoft Windows API. It is designed to be somewhat similar to desktop versions of Windows, feature-wise and aesthetically. Additionally, third-party software development is available for Windows Mobile, and software applications can be purchased via the Windows Marketplace for Mobile. Originally appearing as the Pocket PC 2000 operating system, most Windows Mobile devices come with a stylus pen, which is used to enter commands by tapping it on the screen.[3] Microsoft announced a completely new phone platform, Windows Phone 7, at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona on February 15, 2010. Phones running Windows Mobile 6.x will not be upgradeable to version 7.[4] Windows Mobiles share of the Smartphone market has fallen year-on-year,[5] decreasing 20% in Q3 2009.[6] It is the 5th most popular smartphone operating system, with a 5% share of the worldwide smartphone market (after Symbian, BlackBerry OS, Android and iPhone).[7] In the United States, it is the 3rd most popular smartphone operating system for business use (after BlackBerry OS and iPhone), with a 24% share among enterprise users.[8] Microsoft is phasing out Windows Mobile to specialized markets, such as rugged devices, and focusing on its new mobile platform, Windows Phone 7.[2] Common features Windows Mobile for Pocket PC carries these standard features in most of its versions: Today Screen shows the current date, owner information, upcoming appointments, e-mail messages, and tasks. (Is now Home screen in later WM6.5 builds) The taskbar shows the current time and the volume. Office Mobile a suite of Mobile versions of Microsoft Office applications Outlook Mobile comes with Windows Mobile. Internet Explorer Mobile is an Internet browser developed by Microsoft for Pocket PC and Handheld PC that comes loaded by default with Windows Mobile and Windows CE for Handheld PC. Windows Media Player for Windows Mobile. Client for PPTP VPNs. Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) which in mobile phones allows attached computers to share internet connections via USB and Bluetooth. Coherent file system similar to that of Windows 9x/Windows NT and support for many of the same file types. Ability to multitask. Hardware See also: List of Windows Mobile devices There are three versions of Windows Mobile for various hardware devices:[9] Windows Mobile Professional runs on (smartphones) with touchscreens Windows Mobile Standard runs on phones with regular screens Windows Mobile Classic which runs on Windows Mobile Classic devices (Pocket PCs). An O2 Pocket PC phone A Smartphone (T-Mobile Dash) Windows Mobile Classic devices (Pocket PC) A Windows Mobile Classic device is a Windows Mobile personal digital assistant (PDA) that does not have telephone functionality. It was formerly known as the Pocket PC. It was the original intended platform for the Windows Mobile operating system. These devices consisted of both standalone Pocket PC devices without mobile phone capabilities, and those that included mobile phone capabilities. The most current name of Windows Mobile intended for use on Pocket PCs is officially Windows Mobile 6 Professional for devices with mobile phone capabilities and Windows Mobile 6 Classic for devices without mobile phone capabilities. Windows Mobile Smartphones The Windows Mobile (Microsofts term for its range of smartphones) became the next hardware platform after the Pocket PC to run Windows Mobile, and debuted with the release of Pocket PC 2002. Although in the broad sense of the term Smartphone, both Pocket PC phones and Microsoft branded Smartphones each fit into this category, it should be noted that Microsofts use of the term Smartphone includes only more specific hardware devices that differ from Pocket PC phones. Such Smartphones were originally designed without touchscreens, intended to be operated more efficiently with only one hand, and typically had lower display resolution than Pocket PCs. Microsofts focus for the Smartphone platform was to create a device that functioned well as a phone and data device in a more integrated manner.[10] Version history Pocket PC 2000 Grid computing: connects geographically remote computers into a single network to create a virtual supercomputer by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid. Grid computing is a term referring to the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal. The Grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads that involve a large number of files. What distinguishes grid computing from conventional high performance computing systems such as cluster computing is that grids tend to be more loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically dispersed. Although a grid can be dedicated to a specialized application, it is more common that a single grid will be used for a variety of different purposes. Grids are often constructed with the aid of general-purpose grid software libraries known as middleware. Grid size can vary by a considerable amount. Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a super virtual computer is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform very large tasks. Furthermore, Distributed or grid computing in general is a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a network (private, public or the Internet) by a conventional network interface, such as Ethernet. This is in contrast to the traditional notion of a supercomputer, which has many processors connected by a local high-speed computer bus. Overview Grid computing combines computers from multiple administrative domains to reach common goal.[1] to solve a single task and may then disappear just as quickly. One of the main strategies of grid computing is to use middleware to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands. Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may also involve the aggregation of large-scale cluster computing-based systems. The size of a grid may vary from small-confined to a network of computer workstations within a corporation, for example-to large, public collaborations across many companies and networks. The notion of a confined grid may also be known as an intra-nodes cooperation whilst the notion of a larger, wider grid may thus refer to an inter-nodes cooperation.[2] Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a super virtual computer is composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform very large tasks. This technology has been applied to computationally intensive scientific, mathematical, and academic problems through volunteer computing, and it is used in commercial enterprises for such diverse applications as drug discovery, economic forecasting, seismic analysis, and back office data processing in support for e-commerce and Web servic Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote servers to maintain data and applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing and bandwidth. A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo email or Gmail etc. You dont need a software or a server to use them. All a consumer would need is just an internet connection and you can start sending emails. The server and email management software is all on the cloud ( internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yahoo , Google etc. The consumer gets to use the software alone and enjoy the benefits. The analogy is , If you only need milk , would you buy a cow  ? All the users or consumers need is to get the benefits of using the software or hardware of the computer like sending emails etc. Just to get this benefit (milk) why should a consumer buy a (cow) software /hardware  ? Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: applications, platforms, and infrastructure. Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. In June 2009, a study conducted by VersionOne found that 41% of senior IT professionals actually dont know what cloud computing is and two-thirds of senior finance professionals are confused by the concept,[1] highlighting the young nature of the technology. In Sept 2009, an Aberdeen Group study found that disciplined companies achieved on average an 18% reduction in their IT budget from cloud computing and a 16% reduction in data center power costs.[2] Cloud Computing Segments Applications: Its all On Demand So far the applications segment of cloud computing is the only segment that has proven useful as a business model.The Cloud Wars: $100 Billion at Stake, Published by Merrill Lynch, May 7, 2008 By running business applications over the internet from centralized servers rather than from on-site servers, companies can cut some serious costs. Furthermore, while avoiding maintenance costs, licensing costs and the costs of the hardware required to run servers on-site, companies are able to run applications much more efficiently from a computing standpoint. Who is Offering On Demand Software? The companies below are already established in the On-Demand software or SaaS business. These companies charge their customers a subscription fee and in return host software on central servers that are accessed by the end user via the internet. Salesforce.com (CRM) Google (GOOG) NetSuite (N) Cordys Taleo (TLEO) Concur Technologies (CNQR) Who is Offering Traditional Software? The following companies have established themselves as traditional software providers. These companies sell licenses to their users, who then run the software from on premise servers. SAP AG (SAP) Oracle (ORCL) Blackbaud (BLKB) Lawson Software (LWSN) Blackboard (BBBB) Platforms: Many of the companies that started out providing On Demand application services have developed platform services as well. The platform segment of cloud computing refers to products that are used to deploy internet. NetSuite, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft have also developed platforms that allow users to access applications from centralized servers. In July 2008, HP, Yahoo! (YHOO), and Intel (INTC) announced a joint cloud computing research project called the Cloud Computing Test Bed. The companies are jointly designing and producing the internet based testing utilizing HP hardware and Intel processors.[3] Active platforms The following companies are some that have developed platforms that allow end users to access applications from centralized servers using the internet. Next to each company is the name of their platform. Google (GOOG) Apps Engine Amazon.com (AMZN) EC2 Microsoft (MSFT) Windows Azure SAVVIS (SVVS) Symphony VPDC Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) The Enterprise Cloud Salesforce.com (CRM) Force.com NetSuite (N) Suiteflex Rackspace Cloud cloudservers, cloudsites, cloudfiles Metrisoft Metrisoft SaaS Platform [1] SUN Oracle direct link Cordys Process Factory The Enterprise Cloud Platform Infrastructure: The final segment in cloud computing, known as the infrastructure, is very much the backbone of the entire concept. Infrastructure vendors environments (such as Google gears) that allow users to build applications. Cloud storage, such as Amazons S3, is also considered to be part of the infrastructure segment. Major Infrastructure Vendors Below are companies that provide infrastructure services: Google (GOOG) Managed hosting, development environment International Business Machines (IBM) Managed hosting SAVVIS (SVVS) Managed hosting cloud computing Terremark Worldwide (TMRK) Managed hosting Amazon.com (AMZN) Cloud storage Rackspace Hosting (RAX) Managed hosting cloud computing Explain how businesses can benefit from autonomic computing, virtualization, and multicore processors. Autonomic computing Benefits of autonomic computing include systems that automatically do the following: Configure themselves Optimize and tune themselves Heal themselves when broken Protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction Reduces maintenance costs Reduces downtime from system crashes Virtualization Benefits of server virtualization include: Run more than one operating system at the same time on a single machine. Increase server utilization rates to 70 percent or higher. Reduce hardware expenditures. Higher utilization rates translate into fewer computers required to process the same amount of work. Mask server resources from server users. Reduce power expenditures. Run legacy applications on older versions of an operating system on the same server as newer applications. Facilitates centralization of hardware administration. Multicore processors Benefits of multi-core processors: Cost savings by reducing power requirements and hardware sprawl Less costly to maintain as fewer systems need to be monitored. Performance and productivity benefits beyond the capabilities of todays single-core processors. Able to handle the exponential growth of digital data and the globalization of the Internet. Able to meet the demands of sophisticated software applications under development. Run applications more efficiently than single-core processors giving users the ability to keep working even while running the most processor intensive task in the background. Able to increase performance in areas such as data mining, mathematical analysis, and Web serving. What are the current trends in software platforms? Define and describe open source software and Linux and explain their business benefits. Open-source software provides all computer users with free access to the program code so they can modify the code, fix errors in it, or to make improvements. Open-source software is not owned by any company or individual. A global network of programmers and users manage and modify the software. By definition, open-source software is not restricted to any specific operating system or hardware technology. Several large software companies are converting some of their commercial programs to open source. Linux is the most well-known open-source software. Its a UNIX-like operating system that can be downloaded from the Internet, free of charge, or purchased for a small fee from companies that provide additional tools for the software. It is reliable, compactly designed, and capable of running on many different hardware platforms, including servers, handheld computers, and consumer electronics. Linux has become popular during the past few years as a robust low-cost alternative to UNIX and the Windows operating system. Thousands of open-source programs are available from hundreds of Web sites. Businesses can choose from a range of open-source software including operating systems, office suites, Web browsers, and games. Open-source software allows businesses to reduce the total cost of ownership. It provides more robust software thats often more secure than proprietary software. Define and describe Web services and the role played by XML. Web services offer a standardized alternative for dealing with integration across various computer platforms. Web services are loosely coupled software components based on XML and open Web standards that are not product specific and can work with any application software and operating system. They can be used as components of Web-based applications linking the systems of two different organizations or to link disparate systems of a single company. Web services are not tied to a particular operating system or programming language. Different applications can use them to communicate with each other in a standard way without time-consuming custom coding. XML provides a standard format for data exchange, enabling Web services to pass data from one process to another Businesses use Web services to tie their Web sites with external Web sites creating an apparently seamless experience for users. The benefit derives from not having to re-create applications for each business partner or specific functions within a single compan Name and describe the three external sources for software. Software packages from a commercial software vendor: prewritten commercially available set of software programs that eliminates the need for a firm to write its own software program for certain functions, such as payroll processing or order handling. Software-as-a-service: a business that delivers and manages applications and computer services from remote computer centers to multiple users using the Internet or a private network. Instead of buying and installing software programs, subscribing companies can rent the same functions from these services. Users pay for the use of this software either on a subscription or a per-transaction basis. The business must carefully assess the costs and benefits of the service, weighing all people, organizational, and technology issues. It must ensure it can integrate the software with its existing systems and deliver a level of service and performance that is acceptable for the business. Outsourcing custom application development: an organization contracts its custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, frequently firms that operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world An outsourcer often has the technical and management skills to do the job better, faster, and more efficiently. Even though its often cheaper to outsource the maintenance of an IT infrastructure and the development of new systems to external vendors, a business must weight the pros and cons carefully. Service level agreements are formal contracts between customers and service providers that define the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer. QNO:5(B) Network economics refers to business economics that benefit from the network effect. This is when the value of a good or service increases when others buy the same good or service. Examples are website such as EBay, or iVillage where the community comes together and shares thoughts to help the website become a better business organization. In sustainability, network economics refers to multiple professionals (architects, designers, or related businesses) all working together to develop sustainable products and technologies. The more companies are involved in environmentally friendly production, the easier and cheaper it becomes to produce new sustainable products. For instance, if no one produces sustainable products, it is difficult and expensive to design a sustainable house with custom materials and technology. But due to network economics, the more industries are involved in creating such products, the easier it is to design an environmentally sustainable building. Another benefit of network economics in a certain field is improvement that results from competition and networking within an industry. Network Interactions Clearly, one of the principal facets of the Network Econ- omy is the interaction among the networks themselves. For example, the increasing use of e-commerce espe- cially in business to business transactions is changing not only the utilization and structure of the underlying logistical networks but is also revolutionizing how busi- ness itself is transacted and the structure of _rms and industries. Cellular phones are being using as vehicles move dynam- ically over transportation networks resulting in dynamic evolutions of the topologies themselves. This course also, under advanced topics explores the network interactions among such networks as transporta- tion networks and telecommunication networks, as well as _nancial networks

Importance Of Outdoor Recreation

Importance Of Outdoor Recreation Leisure, recreation and tourism are generally viewed as key components in peoples lives (Lynch and Veal 1996). Outdoor recreation brings happiness to people as it gives recreational opportunities to them. Leisure means various things to different people and therefore it consists of many definitions given by many researchers. For instance, Fava(1964) stated that leisure is the time which an individual has free from work or other responsibilities and which may be used for the purpose of relaxation, diversion, or personal development. In contrast, according to Godbey (1999), a leading researcher in the field of leisure education said that leisure is typically related with spare time or situations in which people have the luxury of choice. Sylvester (1999) stated that , it must not neglect the fact that in ancient time, leisure was considered as a luxury and was affordable by affluent people only. Recreation The term recreation is derived from the Latin word of recreatio and recreate which means to refresh and to refresh and to restore (Edginton et al 1995). Examples of outdoor recreation involve: Visiting parks and natural areas. Visiting historical and archaeological sites. Outdoor concerts and festival. Golf and kite flying Forest activities like wildlife safari, camping and tree climbing. Importance of Outdoor recreation Research has shown that outdoor recreation activities undoubtedly contribute positively to one health as well as well being (Boniface 2000; Dickson et al; 2008). Through recreation activities, people get the opportunity to enjoy the natural environment if they are doing adventure activities, interact with other people (Berman Davis-Berman, 1995, 2000). Moreover, study has illustrated that the way life alters with the loss of link which inevitably result to poor lifestyles (Godbey et al; 2005). Nowadays, the new generation mainly children are more likely to be at risks than their parents. Children currently have more possibilities of health problems to such children, such as asthma, obesity, vitamin D deficiency since they have inactive lifestyle as well as lack of physical exercises, consequently, it may lead to cardiovascular, pulmonary and mental health problems in adulthood. Children from poor background are more likely to be away from green space as they have built environment such as bad housing condition, traffic congestion and so forth. Today the world is connected with technological gadgets and children tends to stay more in front of their computers, television, playing video games and after school hours they need to complete their homework therefore youngsters miss the contact with the natural setting, they also miss the chance for stress reduction, healthy development , physical activity and restoration. Motivation for outdoor recreation According to Iso-Ahola (1980), individuals are encouraged through defined objectives as well as rewards which can be either extrinsic or intrinsic. When a particular activity is occupied in to acquire compensation, it is known as extrinsically motivated. In contrast, intrinsically motivated is when a person is self motivated to achieve something or engaged in the activity for its own sake. Moreover, Iso-Ahola thinks that leisure behavior is mainly caused by intrinsic aspects which are linked to self-expression, competence as well as agreement which implies freedom of choice. Nevertheless, recreation choice should not be regarded as unlimited. The ability for individual to choose from a range of recreational activities cannot be compromised due to the fact that individuals motivation to be indulged in a given outdoor recreation is projected in the selection made from various outdoor activities. Furthermore, choice is encircled by many pitfalls such as physical capability, affordability, awareness, time restrictions and family obligations. These limitations differ among people and the demographic, socio-economic and other groups. Demand and Participation Demand is an economic term used in order to illustrate the link that exists between the quantities of a good that people will buy as well as the prices that they will have to pay. In other words, it refers to the ability and willingness to pay for a particular product. The elements of demands are as follows: Effective, expressed or actual demand is the actual number of participants, for instance it reflects the number of people that participate in countryside recreation. The number of people involved in such activity might be expressed per day or per year. Latent or suppressed demand refers to unfulfilled demand. Therefore, it is where an individuals desire to participate has not been fulfilled due to some reason. But if the situation alters such a desire may ultimately become effective demand. However, such demand is not easy to quantify as it relies on peoples wishes and desires as well. When taking into account suppressed demand it can be emphasized that the latter gives rise to two elements namely: deferred demand and potential demand. When reference is being made to deferred demand refers to demand that is unfulfilled due to a lack of amenities, for example, if a large number of people wish to go to the swimming pool but the problem is that if there is no swimming available then this want will be unfulfilled and demand will be postponed until a swimming pool is provided. In contrast, potential demand is demand that is unfulfilled simply because there is a shortage of personal resources such as income or mobility. But, if there is an improvement in terms of personal situation it can undoubtedly be fulfilled in the future. Lastly it can be said that there will be people who will surely prefer not to involve in recreational activities and this is known as no demand. Factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation can be classified into : Demographic characteristics Socio-economic characteristics Situational characteristics Demographic Characteristics In terms of demographic characteristics there are several factors that affect the recreation preference and it includes age, sex, marital status and family diversity. Research has shown that young male who are single are more likely to involve in outdoor recreation and even if they are married they are unwilling to have children (Booth, 1989; Genet 2001; Booth Peebles, 1995). These participants are really interested in their education and they inevitably want to get well paid jobs. Socio -economic characteristics Price From an economists perspective, price is considered to be a key factor in determining price as customers decision but the price of leisure is complicated with regards to many other products. For example, a normal product consists of a single price but while comparing it to the price of leisure activities it is different as it consists of separate elements such as the valid nature of the leisure, other price like costs of transport, parking, equipment, clothing and accommodation might be charged. Economists stated that as leisure involves time, therefore the opportunity cost of that time in terms of its possible earning power should also be included in the list mentioned above. According to Gratton and Taylor (1985) he argued that the price of a product affects demand in two different ways. First and foremost, the average cost of participation which involves all types of costs such as entrance fee, equipment and so forth might affect demand in terms of decision making to involve in the activity. Thus, the higher the average cost, the lower the participate rate. Secondly, marginal cost is the cost that has an impact on the frequency of participation. For example, in association with leisure activities there may be fixed costs involved like membership fee, buying of equipment and so on. Income Income can be viewed as a feature that enables people to buy a leisure product. Research has shown that in the second half of the nineteenth century there has been a drastic change with regards to income growth. It was then that the development of mass leisure started and simultaneously there was a constant increase of income and this has definitely an impact on growth of leisure. Affluent people have always enjoyed their leisure; therefore it can be made crystal clear as income increases people will surely have more leisure. Situational characteristics Time Self-employed people generally have better control concerning their time plan and these people are more likely to have more leisure time. Mobility Car ownership has increased dramatically because the income of people has risen and cars are more affordable to buy and run. If a person does not possess a vehicle, therefore he or she might be disadvantaged in terms of site, journey, timing and duration of the trip. External factors affecting demand for outdoor recreation are: Recreational opportunity is highly dependent upon availability and accessibility of recreation sites. Thus, the nature of recreation sites as well as availability will surely rely upon several things such as carrying capacity, ownership, distribution, quality, access and degree of development. These reflect three important elements which consist of economic, behavioral and political. Hence, it helps both private and public sectors in terms of good decision making with regards to recreation provision. While making decision to visit any particular recreational sites, accessibility is considered to be a key element in influencing participation. Moreover, how crucial it is, as an element in decision making in influencing the what and where of recreation involvement is explained by Chubb and Chubb (1981:153) : People participation will increase if all other external and personal factors support participants, however if the site is not accessible it might certainly be a problem. Recreation travel behavior While going to any particular site for recreation, distance is really important and for most movement, a distance-decay effect can be known so that the power of interaction diminishes as distance increases. In this context, if a recreational site consists of greater distance and involve more effort and time, might not be supported by participants. But, not all activities are time consuming as it relies on the types of activities that one is taking part in. The impact of longer distances will be negative to some extent as the more a person travel, he or might be tired and found it to be unpleasant. On the other hand, such effect may be encouraging in situation where a person is travelling by cruise. The latter may enjoy and the longer the distance the greater the desire to extend it. Recreation choice behavior Forecasting of recreation behavior would have been taken into account if more was known with regards to factors influencing decision-making to attitudes, motivations and perceptions. This would be very helpful as it would explain: Why some sites and activities are suitable; Why some recreational firms are failures while others are satisfied by participants; Why and how alternative recreation are ranked. The recreation alternative process is influenced by peoples perceptions of what recreational opportunities are available. Natural environments as recreation settings Driver et al. (1987) demonstrates that natural surroundings are really crucial in attaining the preferred result from leisure. Research conducted in Colorado have shown that participants like to enjoy mostly in nature, therefore, natural environment plays an integral role in achieving the result as well as satisfaction required from involvement in certain forms of recreation. According to Kaplan and Kaplan (1989), participants satisfaction is associated with natural settings through integration mind and body in the leisure activity. Hence, environmental aspect beyond doubt is considered to have a dominant influence on recreation behavior and this has first derived from gurus like Schreyer et al. (1985), he propose that the most helpful demonstration of the environment for the explanation of behavioral choice is considered as important. They also stated that people are more likely to explore the natural environment location which will undoubtedly allow them to behave in the ways they wish and consequently this will enable them to achieve a desired cognitive state. Thus, the theory that recreation experiences are closely linked to recreation location is fundamental with regards to the notion of the recreation opportunity spectrum.

Fahrenheit 451: The Hope Of The Phoenix :: essays research papers

Fahrenheit 451: The Hope of the Phoenix The word phoenix had symbolize immortality, but for the people in Fahrenheit 451, their only hope was that the phoenix would be burn out, and be reborn again. The myth of the phoenix gave optimism to the life of Montag, to the books, and to the world of Fahrenheit 451. The world was now dying, and nobody seemed to care, because the government had brainwashed the people. It was a situation, where not only the brave, but the ones who can think for themselves, who can help break the government's control. The life Montag had been a bumpy road. He thought he had a good life, because he enjoyed his job, and was happy. Soon Montag discovered that he was not happy at all, and that his life was nothing. His wife Mildred did not love him at all, and his only friend (that he could remember) Clarisse died in a car crash. All of sudden, he was not happy, but he did not know why. He thought maybe because his wife had pulled the fire alarm on him, but really it was he did not love her at all. "It's strange, I don't miss her at all(155)" Montag had uncertainly about his marriage, because marriage was suppose to be bonded with love, but with his marriage love was extinct and nowhere to be seen. His life had died, when his wife Mildred pulled the alarm and had told the firemen that Montag had books. To Montag, the books was like a sweet piece of candy. He did not know why he liked them, but he always wanted more. But when Captain Beatty forced Montag to burn his own house, Montag's soul had died, but then resurrected. His life which was suppose to be happy was burning right in front of his eyes. How ironic, that Montag was a fireman himself but like the phoenix, Montag rose from his own ashes. Montag was now reborn, because he knew his life was wrong, and that the world was wrong. He did not know why it was wrong, but he knew that he had to do something about it. He started that by burning Captain Beatty into "a charred wax doll(119)". Montag now had the feeling of hope, not much since he believed he could not do anything. But Montag had now broken the control of the government and was using the books as his aid. How ironic, in the real world, people were always talking about how people wasted paper, which mean wasting trees, but in the world of

whats up with him :: essays research papers

What Is Up With Him? This weekend i went to my friend's hose because we were going out to get some coffe. As i sat on her bed and waited for her in her room. The room is small, but it is the coolest room ever. She has pictures of her favorite bands up on the wall. the style of her room is a mixtue of modern with a rock star twist to it. The phone rang and she started to get nerves. From that moment on i knew her boyfriend was gonna come over to her house. Everytime she getes nerves she starts spit a lot and she starts playing with her hair. As I sat on her bed she started to get more nerves, and looked at me like if her boyfriend was gonna get jealous. She was so nerves she look like if her parents busted her with drugs. Finally the boyfriend arrived with his friend. In this light brown Nissan Sentra, the car looked like a recent model. When he got there, I thought this guy is gonna be pretty cool, but he was a idiot. he is such a idiot that he can not even part straight. This guy was the must im-mature person I have ever seen. Even his sixteen year old best friend thought he was a idiot. This guy made Mr. Bean look serious. When he got to my friend's house, he didn't even give her a kiss or a huge. One thing I have learned is that no matter how cool the firlfriend is, they alwayswant a little kiss. Unless they are on their period, but wait a minute, aren't they like that all the time. Twenty minutes past, and the guy kept on messing up and talking out of his ass. Everyone got tired of listening to his unless conversation, that we started to play with the dog. As I laid on the bed I heard his friend wisper to him, "Dude, let's go..." When I heard that I realized this guy was digging his own hole. My friend's boyfriend thought he was a pimp and a badass comedian. Also this guy was very homophobic because almost all the jokes he said were about homo's. The boyfriend wanted to sound cool, but my friend just lost interest in the boyfriend. When i saw her face it look like if someone just died.

Effect of Communication Barriers in Organization

Ladies and Gentleman’s, Today, I want to share with you about ‘Effect of Communication Barriers and how to overcome this barriers’. Good communication is very important. Without communication, there is no way to express our thoughts, ideas and feelings. Since we babies and grew up, we learnt more words and study how to communicate with different people, at different times, in different ways. Studying about communication enables us to be good communicators and brings a ways to a good effective communication. Communications have a many definition. What in important, communication needs a sender and a receiver of the message.No matter how, communication can describes as a process which begins when we have a message that want deliver to other person’s, the person’s received the message, react to it and respond our message. That response may lead us to react and give another message (Elizabeth Tierney, 1998). This message must be conveyed through some med ium to the recipient. It is essential that this message must be understood by the recipient in same terms as intended by the sender. There are three (3) types of effective’s communication that we used every day in our lives (Camp & Satterwhite 2002).First is Oral Communication. Oral Communication is the spoken interaction between two or more of people. It’s used as an instant and immediate to conveying and receiving of information. It’s also builds self-esteem for both the audience and the speaker. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. These recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind. Face to face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interview, etc. is significant so as to build a rapport an trust. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), Oral Communication follow ways by Face to Face conversation, meeting , voice mail messages, tele-confering, oral presentation and lastly is public speaking. All these ways can be good communication and it’s most effective when the sender of a message has a good skill to deliver what they want to said. The second types are a Written Communication. It means a representation of a language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbol (Wikipedia).Written Communication is the way how we interpreted the feeling by some piece of paper. Written Communication can take place via letters, faxes, memos, e-mail, and reports, minute of meeting and new releases. It provides documentation and proof of the exchange of information. It helps in laying down apparent principles, policies and rules for running of an organization Last and not least, any kind of communication not involve the word, it’s called non verbal communication. This is the last types of communication that we use every day.It is communication of feelings, emotions, alti tudes, and thoughts through body movement, gestures, eye contact, etc. Non verbal can include vocal sounds that are no word such as grunt, sigh, and whimpers. Effective communication plays an important role not only in organization but is equally important in our personal life. Effective communication is important at all the levels in an organization. Effective communication goes a long way in passing the correct and the desired information to the recipient and the work is accomplished without errors in a short span on time.Effective communication also nullifies the chances of misunderstandings, conflict and errors which might crop in cases where the message is not clear. But, in the same time, there has a barriers can distract and prevent person’s from paying full attention to the message. It called as ‘Communication Barriers’. Ok, let’s see what that communication barriers, Barriers Communication is an interference or noise that might interfere when comm unication process happen. When I making the research what kind effect of communication barrier, they have lot of barrier can may distract and prevent the receiver from paying full attention to the message.Therefore, on this day, we will be discussing five (5) communication barrier and how to solve this problem. One of communication barriers is Physical interference. Physical interference is external and outside the control of both the speaker and the receiver. It affects the physical transmission of the message. Example a noise disturbances like loud music, the sound of traffic from a busy road, static coming from loud speaker system, or loud drilling from a nearby. Those kind of physical interference will affect the massage that been transferred from speaker to the listener.Let’s have a test to prove that this. Try to get 20 person sitting in the circle near to a radio and give a sentence to the first person â€Å"She swim at the sea shore and find a sea shell†. I con fident that the word after receive by the last person in the group will only â€Å"She swim.. † and the other word will be lost between the root from one person to another. This is a common thing that happened to us every day because of the surrounding and to avoid this thing happen and we have to overcome the problem first.Try to look at the issues here; the massage was not been transfer correctly because of the sound surrounding the group. At any circumstances, the message might be wrongly be delivered because of the music from the radio itself. Human bodies are connecting to each other and were link to our brain. If the ears are hearing something else other than the message that the delivered, the brain will capture something that similar to the massage or will lost in the transmitting. To solve this problem, we have to make sure that there are no interruption or and activity other than the group itself.In our life, if someone are having a discussion that involve two way c ommunication, we have to make sure that we at the place that no other thing can interrupt the conversation between the group. In a corporate organization, they will always having a meeting in a meeting room so that everyone can concentrate to the thing that they discuss and came up with a best solution or result. A second barrier of communication is a Lack of Enthusiasm, Subject Knowledge, Language and Emotion. Many of us are quick feel hopeless and turn away from a situation.This is one of the problems that lead to communication barriers. Do you really believe your organization is better than the competition’s Do you look as confident manager as you say you are? If you don’t have knowledge about your organization, it’s problem to your organization. Why I say so, this is because when you’re don’t have knowledge and experiences, it can hamper to the overall working of an organization. So, to solve this problem, we as a manager must show some enthusi asm like begin paying attention to the types of expressions we use.When everything we do with a smile, a serious or negative message will not happen. Languages play an important role in a joint communication in an organization. When we do a dealing with other country, we must have a requires skill to understand the language of their country. Example this language barrier is, when a country like Malaysia trade with Japan, the problem occurs when the communication dealing. This is because, Japan use their language as a intermediate language. So Malaysian must learn their language to communicate with them other than English to facilitate a transaction.Emotions are obstacles to any communication. If there are negative feelings that arise in the mind of a person, all communications will be interrupted. In an organization, we, as a manager should play an important role in a good relationship with all employees. We must be ready to solve problems that occur between subordinates not with a heavy heart side even with a sense of rational. On my knowledge and experiences, each organization provides performance evaluation for each employee. Every manager must needs to put forward their views on the performance of employees.Problem to this situation is, when manager used their emotion to this views on the performance of employee like dishonesty, jealousy, and other negative feelings, it will affect the progress of performance subordinate staff. These things should not happen in to organization. So, all manager here, please don’t use your emotion when evaluating the performance on your subordinates. The third problem of communication is a Semantic Barrier. Semantic barriers are the misunderstandings meaning of word and can occurs the barrier of communication. Someone can interpret the meaning with their experienced.It’s related between word, signs & phrases. It’s is the most difficulties in communication arise because the same word or symbol means diffe rent things to different individuals. Example of Semantic Barriers is like Connotation and Fluency. Connotation is a commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word’s or phrase’s explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation (Wikipedia). They have a two (2) distinct sense. First is a ‘What must we know in order to determine the reference of an expression’ and secondly an idea to we suggested for implemented.For all knowledge, a sentence can convey entirely different meanings depending on the emphasis on words and the tone of voice for example, the statement, â€Å"I didn't SAY you were stupid† has six different meanings, depending on which word is emphasized like ‘I didn’t say YOU were stupid’ and ‘I didn’t say you were STUPID’. Some point to all remember is when we are angry or excited, our speech tends to become more rapid and higher pitched, when we are bored or feeling down, our speech tends to slow and take on a monotone quality and when we are feeling defensive, our speech is often abrupt.Fluency is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Most people around us do not fully master the skill to speaks and read with confident. This weakness makes one’s self look weak in any communication with co-workers and managers. Fluency is very important to all of us. Why I say it is important? These is because, it shows that someone is knowledgeable in a particular field, say with utmost confidence and this will make the people around respect for ourselves. The fourth problem is a Physiological Interference. Health problems are one of the causes of the outbreak of the communication barrier.Headache, hearing loss, blindness, lack of focus, and suffer from short term memory lost due to physiological challenges on the part of the speaker or the receiver. When this happens, the speakers or the receiver will not take note of the things that will be presented by the speaker. Conditions such as headaches, blindness, lack of memory, hearing loss occurs in every person around us. Is my own example, if we have a headache, blindness, pain throughout the body, we will automatically fully concentrate on the pain and if someone started chatting, we like to take cognizance of and did not focus on it.If someone who was hearing-impaired, it is the biggest problem faced to communicate with people around. As speakers, if we want to deliver a thing of message, we must say with a loud tone clearly so that the receiver understands the meaning that we want delivered. For the blindness eyes, this will also affect the delivery of on-screen if any speakers make presentation using power point slides. This resulted in someone's difficult to concentrate on a slide that is displayed. Therefore, health is very important in a relationship communication.We will be constantly emphasize that our personal health symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, dim eyes, aching body is not the case because when it is in our bodies, all the important things will not be able to fully focus especially if are performing their duties in place work. Last and not least, is a lack of written and spoken in English. This is the one problem that happen in all of us expecially who doesn’t know how to communicate in English. In an organization, English is the main language. Less of reading book in English also be